The test of any democratic society lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.

【结构分析】：

[1] The test of any democratic society," ... "lies not in... but in...; (主句)

[2] [how well] it can control expression; (宾从)

[3] whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude (宾从)

[4] however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.(状从)

【分句详解】

[1] The test of any democratic society (主) ,”... “lies not in... but in...;

democratic |, dema kretk| adj.民主的

本句理解为:对任何一个民主社会的考验，不在于....，而在于......

[2] [how well] (状) it (主) can control (谓) expression (宾);这是lies not in的宾语从句;

expression |rk'spre[n| n.言论

本句中 well根据语境理解为“有效地”;

it指democratic society; expression 语境中的含义为“(社会或公民的)言论”;

本句理解为:这个社会能够多么有效地控制各种言论

[3] whether it (主) gives (谓) freedom of thought and expression (宾) [the widest possible latitude] (状);

latitude I'laetrtju:d| n.纬度;范围;程度

这是but (lies) in的宾语从句;本句中freedom of thought and expression 指“思想和言论的自由”; [the widest possible latitude]是名词短语作状语的现象，这种现象很常见，例如Wait [a minute]. / He helps students [heart and soul].语境中的含义为 “(社会或公民的)言论”;

本句理解为:这个社会是否能最大程度地给予(人们)思想和言论的自由

[4] however disputable or irritating (表) the results (主) may [sometimes] be (系);

disputable |dr spju:tabl| adj. 有争议的;值得商榷的

irritating |'rntertIn| adj.令人不满的;令人生气

这是however引导的让步状语从句;

本句理解为:无论有时其结果会引起多少争议或多么令人不快

【参考译文】：

对任何一个民主社会的考验，不在于它能够多么有效地控制各种言论，而在于这个社会是否能最大程度地给予(人们)思想和言论的自由，无论有时其结果会引起多少争议或多么令人不快。

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