2008年成考升专本英语定语从句二

Lesson thirteen:定语从句（二）

第一部分 语法讲解

根据定语从句与先行词的关系而言，定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

如：
All these books that had been donated by visiting professors are to be used by the postgraduates.由客座教授赠给的所有这些书将被研究生使用。（限制性）
All these books，which had been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates. 所有这些书将被研究生使用，书是由客座教授赠给的。（非限制性）

1. 非限制性定语从句的用法
1) who, whom, whose, which, when, where引导的非限制性定语从句。
如：Professor Wang, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.王教授已年过六旬，依然日夜努力工作着。
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。
This dictionary, which my father bought in America, has been highly recommended by my English teacher.这本词典是由我们英语老师极力推荐的，它是我父亲从美国买的。
He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1日，那时他将有空。
They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held.他们昨天抵达那里，有一个关于销售的谈判在那里举行。
注：在非限制性定语从句中，用以指物的关系代词必须用which，不可以用that.
2）介词在非限制性定语从句中不能后置；关系代词也不能省略。
如：Mr.Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那里学到了很多东西。
3)非限制性定语从句中，关系代词which有时并不代表某一确定的词，而是概括整个句子的意思。
如：In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which was understandable. 在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
He said he had no money, which was not true.他说他没有钱，这不是实话。
2002年第31小题：
He told her nothing, which upset her.
4）noun+of+which/whom引导的定语从句
如：Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300,000 kilometers per second.世界上光的速度是最快的，其速度是每秒三十万公里。
    There are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大厅里有30把椅子，绝大部分是新的。
5) 同一个定语从句，是限制性的还是非限制性的，在意义上有一定的差别
如：Mr.Zhang has a son who likes to play football.(限制性) 张先生有个喜欢踢足球的儿子。（可能还有别的孩子，不喜欢踢足球）
Mr.Zhang has a son，who likes to play football.(非限制性) 张先生有个儿子，喜欢踢足球。（只有这么一个儿子）
The cab drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road.知道那里塞车的出租车司机就换了另外一条路。
The cab drivers， who knew about the traffic jam, took another road. 出租车司机因为知道那里塞车，他们都换了另外一条路。
总的原则：如果定语从句修饰一个专有名词，我们要用非限制性定语从句。因为专有名词本身意思已经很完整，不需要限制，用定语从句只是进行补充。
如：Beijing, which is the capital of China, has developed into an international city.
Hawaii, which consists of eight principal islands, is a favorite vacation spot.

2．as引导的定语从句
1） as引导限制性定语从句
as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语或状语，构成the …same as, such…as, so…as等结构。
如：Here are such questions as are often asked by the college students.这是些大学生们常常问的那类问题。（as作主语）
   This is the same computer as I have bought.这台计算机和我买的那台一样。（as作宾语）
   I have never seen such kind of girl as she is.我从未见过向她这样的女孩。（as作表语）
   I came the same day as she left.我在她离开的同一天走的。（as作状语）
注：当从句中不缺成分时，用so/such…that引导结果状语从句，在句子中缺成分时，用so/such…as引导定语从句。
用such…as, so…as, so…that, such…that 填空。
She’s ___a good teacher ___we all like her.
She’s ___good a teacher ____we all like her.
She’s ___a good teacher ___we all like.
She’s ____good a teacher ___we all like.
如：As a teacher, I seldom give students so difficult a problem as they can’t work out.(定语从句)
As a teacher, I seldom give students so difficult a problem that they can’t work it out.(结果状语)
They are such beautiful pictures as drew many people’s attention. (定语从句)
They are such beautiful pictures that they drew many people’s attention.(结果状语)
2002年第47小题：
Such a device as he was given proved almost worthless.
2)引导非限制性定语从句
as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可以插入主句中间。as有“正如…”, “就像…”之意。
如：As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.美国人都知道，马克.吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。（as作主语）
As we all know, the earth is round.众所周知，地球是圆的。（as作宾语）
He is absorbed in work, as he often was.他正在全神贯注的工作，他过去经常这样。（as作表语）
３．定语从句补笔：
1）要有定语中心语（先行词）
Is this school ___you visited last week?
Is this the school ___you visited last week?
Is this the school ___he studied 2 years ago?
A that B where C the one 
２）区分定语从句和其它从句( 尤其是和同位语从句的区分)

He’s excited at the news that he’s given a chance to travel abroad.  ( 划线部分为news的内容，that 只起连接作用，在从句中不充当句子成分，所以为同位语从句)
再如：
He’s not interested in the news that we told him.( that 在从句中充当told的宾语，为定语从句)

第二部分 巩固练习

1．________ is well-known to all, too much stress can cause disease.
a. Which   b. It   c. That    d.As
选d.as 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语
2．I have never been to Rome, but that’s the city________.
a.where I most like to visit   b. I’d most like to visit  c. I like to visit it most  d.which I like to visit it most
选b. 省略了作宾语的关系代词。
3．All _________ is a continuous supply of fuel oil.
a. what is needed  b. that is needed   c, which is needed  d, is needed
选b.all后面的定语从句用that引导
4．The town__________ my father grew up in is not far from hear.
a.what   b. where  c.wherever    d. which
选d.which作介词in的宾语
5. The goals __________ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
a.after which   b. for which   c. with which   d. at which
选b. for 作定语从句中fight的介词。fight for为…奋斗
6．The professor and her achievement __________ you told me about are admired by us all.
a. who   b. which    c. that    d whom
选c. 先行词是并列两个，一个指人，一个指物，要用that引导
7．They shouted with the loudest voice_________ they could.
A when    b. that    c. which    d. what
选b.先行词由最高级修饰时，用that引导定语从句
8．Mr.Jones, _____ John was working, was very generous about overtime payment.
a for whom   b. for who   c. whom   d. for that
选a. 在介词后面，先行词是指人的时候，只能用whom作介词的宾语
9．He showed me a book, _____________ I could tell that it was pretty old.
a. which cover   b. of which cover  c the cover which  d. from the cover of which
选d. 在介词后面，先行词是指物的时候，只能用which作介词的宾语
10.The shop __________ I told you about before has closed down.
a. where   b. in which   c. at which   d, which
选d, which在定语从句中作about的宾语
11．They help us time and again, ___________ very kind of them.
a. who were   b which was   c. that was    d, which were
选b. which引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代的是整个句子，所以谓语是单数
12．The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds(信托基金),_____ could go penniless by next year.
a. the large one  b. the larger of which   c.the largest one  d the largest of which
选b. noun+of+which引导的定语从句, 因为前面有two,不能用最高级。
社会保障退休计划由两项信用基金构成，较大的那项可能明年就用光。
13．A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _____________ were surprising.
a. as results   b. which results  c. the result of it   d. the result of which
选d. noun+of+which引导的定语从句
14.These people once had fame and fortune; now_______________ is left to them is utter poverty
a. all that    b. all which  c . all what    d. that all
选a. all 后面的引导定语从句的关系词是that
15.What is ___________ ordered the English book?
a. the lady’s address in Beijing who   b. the lady’s address in Beijing which
c.the address of the lady in Beijing who   d. the address of the lady in Beijing which
选c. 先行词是人用who引导定语从句。而且先行词有定语从句修饰的时候，所有格要用of 的形式

第三部分 总结

本次课主要讲述了定语从句的用法，需要大家重点掌握：
1.非限制性定语从句的用法
2.as引导定语从句的用法