2019年学位英语考试词汇语法基础练习及答案十
2019年学位英语考试词汇语法基础练习及答案十
1.There was a certain old man in the village _____ none of us liked.
A. who
B. whom
C. him
D. that
[答案]B。
[考点]定语从句。本句中的引导词在从句中充当宾语,故用宾格whom。
[译文]在村子里有那么一个老头,我们谁都不喜欢他。
2.In the New World as in Europe, each region developed its own _____ pattern of culture.
A. distant
B. distinct
C. distinctive
D. dismissed
[答案]C.
[考点]形容词辨析。distinct“清楚的,清晰的;明显的,明确的;(~ from)种类不同的,分开的”;distinctive“特别的,有特色的”。
[译文]在新世界如同在欧洲一样,每一地区都形成了其自身的独具特色的文化模式。
3.Faced with rapid inflation and _____ international and home markets, many firms have declared bankrupt.
A. lessening
B. shortening
C. shrinking
D. withdrawing
C)。考查近义动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思及用法分别是:选项A) lessening减少,减轻,侧重指程度、重要性等的减轻。如:The defeat lessened our chances of winning the championship. 此次失败使我们夺冠的希望变得更加渺茫。lessen the burden of减轻负担;选项B) shortening缩短,变短,如The days are beginning to shorten. 天开始变短了。shorten the gap between缩小……之间的差距;选项C) shrinking使收缩,缩小,减少,侧重指尺寸、大小等的变小。如:The number of students attending the lecture has shrunk. 听讲座的学生人数减少了。Will this soap shrink woolen clothes? 这种肥皂会使羊毛衣服缩水吗?选项D) withdrawing收回,撤退,撤销,如:After awhile, he withdrew his proposal. 过了一会儿,他撤回了他的提议。根据题意可判断出选项C)应为正确答案。全句意思是“面对通货膨胀和日益缩小的国际国内市场,许多公司都已宜布破产”。
4.We'd better eliminate junk foods from our kitchen and keep a variety of high-quality foods _____ at all times.
A. available
B. desirable
C. enormous
D. numerous
A)。考查形容词语义环境。四个选项的意思分别是:选项A)available现成可使用的,在手边的,可利用的;选项B)desirable称心如意的,值得有的,如I envy Jane because her job is so desirable. 我很羡慕简,因为她有一份很称心的工作。选项C)enormous巨大的,极大的,庞大的;选项D)numerous许多的,很多的,如:This is a conclusion he has drawn from numerous facts. 这是他从很多事实当中得出的结论。根据题干可判断出选项A)应为正确答案。全句的意思为“我们应清除厨房里的垃圾食品,而使各种高质量的食物随手可及”。
5.The purpose of your resume is to _____ enough interest in you to have an employer contact you for an interview.
A. assemble
B. generate
C. yield
D. gather
B)。考查动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思分别是:选项A)assemble意为“集合,聚集,召集;装配”,如:The whole school assembled in the main hall. 全校学生在大礼堂集合。Before you assemble the model plane, read the instructions. 在你组装模型飞机前,先读说明书。选项B)generate意为“生成,产生(光、热、电等);引起(兴趣等)”,如:News of the Queen's visit is generating a lot of excitement. 女皇来访的消息使大家感到非常兴奋。选项C)yield意为“生产,产生(利润、回报等);投降,屈服”,如:His business yields big profits. 他的生意利润丰厚。选项D)gather意为“聚集,集合;收集,采集”,如:Many people gathered in the town square. 很多人聚集在市政广场。该题需注意选项B)和选项C)在搭配上的区别。根据题意,选项B)应为正确答案。全句意思为是“简历就是要充分引起雇主对你的兴趣,并达到进一步联系面试的目的”。
6.Some concepts may be difficult to grasp chiefly because they may be unfamiliar or _____ ideas, opinions which we already hold.
A. in accordance with
B. in conflict with
C. in favor of
D. in response to
B)。考查介词短语的语义。四个选项的意思分别是:选项A)in accordance with依照,根据;选项B)in conflict with与……相冲突;选项C)in favor of支持,赞同;选项D)in response to作为对……的反应。根据题意可判断出选项B)为正确答案。全句的意思为“一些观念很难让人领会主要是因为我们对其不熟悉或者是因为与我们原有的观点相矛盾”。
7.The city government has determined to get _____ with people who try to escape paying taxes.
A. rough
B. tough
C. rigid
D. bold
B)。考查形容词语义及搭配。能与介词with搭配的只有选项B)tough,get tough with/on sb.意为“对……采取坚决态度;对……采用强硬手段”。其余选项的意思分别是:选项A)rough意为“粗糙的;粗野的,粗暴的;粗略的,大致的”;选项C)rigid(行为观点等)严格的,死板的,不易改变的;选项D)bold意为“勇敢的,无畏的;冒失的,鲁莽的”。全句的意思是“政府部门决心采取强硬手段来惩治偷税人员”。
8.Last night he saw two dark _____ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.
A)features
B)figures
C)sketches
D)images
[答案] B
[译文] 昨天晚上他看见两个黑影进了大楼,然后就发生了爆炸。
[解析] Feature 表示“特征,特点”;sketch的意思是“素描,梗概,草图”;image表示“形象”;而figure表示“外形,轮廓,体型”,符合上下文。
9.He never arrives on time and my _____ is that he feels the meetings are useless.
A)preference
B)conference
C)inference
D)reference
[答案] C
[译文] 他从没有准时到会,所以我的判断是他认为会议没有用。
[解析] 本题的四个选项都有"ence"的后缀把一个动词变为名词,所以我们只要背了它们的动词词根的意思,这四个词的意思就容易找出来了。Preference表示“喜欢,喜好”;conference的意思是“会议,大会”;reference表示“参考,指出”;而inference表示“推断,推论”,符合题义。
10.Mrs. Smith was so _____ about everything that no servants could please her.
A)specific
B)special
C)precise
D)particular
[答案] D
[译文] Smith夫人对于所有事情都很挑剔,所以没有一个仆人能让她高兴。
[解析] Be particular about sth.表示“对……挑剔,吹毛求疵”。
11.Mr. Washington has been away from home for a long time. He is looking forward to _____ his wife.
A. hear from
B. hearing from
C. hear of
D. hearing of
参考答案:B
详解:
【译文】华盛顿先生离家很久了。他盼望着收到妻子的信。
【注释】look forward to后面要求跟动词-ing形式。要求跟-ing形式的结构还有:feel like, can't help, it's no use, have trouble, there's no等。
12.He preferred that nothing _____ be said about his generous gifts.
A. to
B. would
C. must
D. should
参考答案:D
详解:
【译文】他更喜欢对他的厚礼什么也别说。
【注释】prefer的宾语从句谓语需用虚拟语气should,也可用动词原形,但不用过去时或过去完成时。
13.The great use of a school education is _____ to teach you things _____ teach you the art of learning.
A. as much…as
B. much as…as
C. not so much…as to
D. much more…as
参考答案:C
详解:
【译文】学校教育的作用与其说是教给你知识不如说是教给你学习的方法。
【注释】not so much... as...“与其说……不如说……”。注意as前后的两个成分必须对等,可以是名词、不定式或介词短语,如His success is not so much by talent as by energy.
14.Whenever we visited them, they _____ television.
A. have watched
B. watch
C. are watching
D. were watching
Best Answer: D
详解:【译文】不管我们什么时候去拜访他们,他们总是在看电视。【注释】本题测试的是过去进行时,表示在过去某个时刻正在发生的事件,本题的时间状语从句就表达了这样一个具体时刻。
15.We drive our car fast and soon _____ other cars on the road.
A. oversee
B. overtake
C. overrun
D. override
Best Answer: B
详解:【译文】我们开得很快,一会儿就超越了公路上的其他汽车。【注释】overtake“追上,赶上,超过”。oversee“俯瞰;监督,监视”。overrun“溢出;(侵略军)横行于”。override“奔越过,践踏过;制服,压倒”。
16.The epidemic(流行病)was made worse when top leaders tried to hide the _____ of the disaster and present its impact as slight.
A. scale
B. rank
C. range
D. Having spoken of
答案:A)。考查名词的语义辨析。根据句意可判断这儿应填入表示“范围,程度”意思的词,由此可排除选项B)rank(职衔;地位,社会阶层)和选项D)limit(限度,限制)。选项C)range表示“变动范围,变化幅度”,如:The speech covered a wide range of topics.这次演讲涵盖了一系列话题。The subject is outside my range.这个题目超出我所学范围。显然选项C)不符合句意。选项A) scale规模,程度,大小,如:They are preparing for war on:large scale.他们正在为战争做大规模的准备。从原文来看,选项A)scale符合题意。全句的意思是“当上层领导试图掩盖流行病的规模并轻视其影响时灾难变得更加严重了”。
17.Since the issue was extremely _____, we dealt with it immediately.
A. resistant
B. intense
C. urgent
D. instant
答案:C)。考查形容词语义。各选项的意思是:选项A)resistant抵制的,抵抗的;选项B)intense强烈的,剧烈的;选项C)urgent紧急的,紧要的;选项D) instant立即的,即刻的。根据题意可判断选项C)应为正确答案。全句的意思为“由于问题极其紧急,我们立刻进行了处理”。
18.The government has planned to _____ new industries in areas of high unemployment.
A. concentrate
B. focus
C. center
D. direct
答案:A)。考查易混动词的语义及搭配用法。除透项D)direct(把……对准,针对)以外,其余均表示“集中”的意思,均可和介词on搭配。除常规意思外,这三个单词还有一些特殊意义。选项A)concentrate聚集,集结,如:Birds concentrate in places where food is abundant.鸟类聚集在食物丰富的地方。选项B)focus聚集;聚焦于,如:All the eyes are focused on him.所有的眼睛都注视着他。选项C)renter集中于,如:His interests are centered around his family.他关心的事情全离不开他的家庭。根据题意可知选项A)为正确答案。全句的意思为“政府已计划把新的工业集中建在高失业率区”。
19.Your advice would be _____ valuable to him, who is at present at his wit's end.
A. exceedingly
B. excessively
C. extensively
D. exclusively
答案:A)。考查副词语义。各选项的意思分别是:选项A)exceedingly非常地,十分地;选项B)excessively过分地,过多地;选项C)extensively广阔地,广大地,广泛地;选项D)exclusively独有地,独享地;排斥地。根据题意,不难判断出选项A)应为正确答案。全句意思是“你的建议对他将非常有价值,他现在已智穷计尽”。
20.As is known to all, color-blind people often find it difficult to _____ between red and green.
A. separate
B. isolate
C. contrast
D. distinguish
答案:D)。考查近义动词的语义及搭配用法。各选项的意思及用法是:选项A)separate使分开,区分,区别,常用结构是"separate A from B"。如:separate cause from effect区分因果关系;选项B)isolate使隔离,使孤立,常用于isolate…from结构中。如:Several towns have been isolated from the outside world by the flood.有好几个城镇因洪水与外界隔绝了。选项C)contrast对比,对照,常用于"contrast A with B"结构中。如:contrast Europe with America将欧美两洲做一番比较;选项D)distinguish区分,辨别,常用于"distinguish A from B/distinguish between A and B"结构中。如:distinguish between right and wrong/distinguish right from wrong明辨是非。根据题干中的介词及句意,可判断出选项D)应为正确答案。全句意思为“众所周知,色盲的人很难区分红色与绿色”。
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