2018年3月成人英语三级备考综合卷及答案：阅读理解(2)

　　二、阅读理解(11-30)

　　If the Dakota Access Pipeline(输油管道) is completed, it will carry nearly half a million bar-rels of oil across four states every day. Energy Transfer Partners (ETP), a Texas-based company behind the $ 3.8 billion project, hopes to finish construction this year. But the Standing Rock Sioux, an American Indian tribe( 部落), is determined to stop the 1,172-mile pipeline from being built. (76)Both sides show no signs of backing down.

　　The Dakota Access Pipeline was announced in 2014. A section of it will run near the Standing Rock Sioux reservation. A reservation is an area of land set aside for American Indians. The tribe says the construction threatens to destroy historical areas and ancient burial sites. They also say the pipeline could pollute their main water source, the Missouri River. In April, the Standing Rock Sioux began a protest against the project. They camped at the construction site. Since then, thou-sands of people, including people from American Indian tribes, have traveled to the site to join the protest.

　　ETP says that the pipeline will have built-in safety measures to protect against oil leaks. Work-ers will also monitor it remotely, and will be able to close valves (阀) within three minutes if leaks are detected.

　　American Indians have been staging a nonviolent protest for months. The protest took a turn last week when police were called to keep the peace between protesters and armed security guards hired by the company.

　　Twenty-eight people have been arrested since then and charged with interfering with the pipeline construction.

　　11.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

　　A.The Dakota Access Pipeline will create more markets for oil and gas.

　　B.The Dakota Access Pipeline will create many job opportunities.

　　C.American Indians oppose the construction of an oil pipeline.

　　D.American Indians fight for equal voting rights.

　　答案：C

　　解析： 【定位】第一段第二句话“Energy Transfer Partners…hopes to finish construction this year.”;第三句话“But the Standing Rock Sioux，an Amefican Indian tribe，is determined to stop the 1，172-mile pipefine from being built.”和第四句话“Bom sides show no signs of back-ing down.”。

　　主旨题。题干问的是“下列哪项表达了本文的大意?”根据定位句第一句“ETP

　　公司期望在今年内完成输油管道建设”，第三句“立岩苏族决定要中止1172英里长的输油管道的修建”，第四句“双方都没有妥协的迹象”可知双方矛盾所在。A项“达科塔输油管道将为原油和天然气创造更多市场”;B项“达科塔输油管道将创造更多就业机会”;D项“美国印第安人为平等投票权而战”在文中均没有提及。故选C。

　　12.ETP hopes to finish this project in__________.

　　A.2016

　　B.2017

　　C.2018

　　D.2019

　　答案：A

　　解析：【定位】第一段第二句话“Energy Transfer Partners…hopes to finish construction mis year.”。细节题。题干问的是“ETP公司希望在哪一年完成工程建设?”定位句指出“ETP公司期望在今年内完成输油管道建设”。由于今年是2016年，故选A。

　　13.Why do American Indians protest against the construction of this pipeline?

　　A.Because it will cost up to $ 3.8 billion.

　　B.Because it threatens the region' s water supply.

　　C.Because it will make many people lose their jobs.

　　D.Because it will force many people to leave their homes.

　　答案：B

　　解析：【定位】第二段第五句话“They also say the pipefine could pollute their main water source， the Missouri River.”。细节题。题干问的是“为什么美国印第安人抗议反对输油管道的建设?”根据定位句“他们同时认为管道可能会污染当地的主要水源——密苏里河”可知，印第安人反对管道建设的一个原因是担心管道会污染水源。A项“因为工程耗资达38亿”，不是印第安人抗议的原因;C项“因为很多人会因此失业”和D项“这将迫使很多人离开家园”均未在文中提及，故选B。

　　14.According to the passage, the workers can__________ in case of pipeline leaks.

　　A.report it to the local government

　　B.ask people to leave the leak affected areas

　　C.call 911

　　D.close valves

　　答案：D

　　解析：【定位】第三段第二句话“Workers will also monitor it remotely，and will be able to close valves within three minutes if leaks are detected.”。 细节题。题干问的是“根据文章，出现管道泄漏时，工人可以如何应对?”定位句“工人们可以进行远程监控，如果发现有泄露，他们可以在3分钟之内关上阀门。”表明工人可以关闭阀门。A项“向当地政府汇报”;B项“让人们离开泄漏影响地区”;C项“打电话给911”，均未在文中提及。故选D。

　　15.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

　　A.This pipeline will cross four states.

　　B.This pipeline is 1,179. miles long.

　　C.All the protesters are from the Standing Rock Sioux.

　　D.Neither side of the dispute is willing to compromise.

　　答案：C

　　解析：【定位】第一段第一句话“If the Dakota Access Pipeline is completed，it will carry nearly half a million barrels of oil across four states every day.”;第一段第三句话“But the Standing Rock Sioux，an American Indian tribe，is determined to stop the 1，172-mile pipeline from be-ing built.”;第二段最后一句话“Since then，thousands of people，including people from other American Indian tribes，have Raveled to the site to join the protest.”;第一段最后一句话“Both sides show no signs of backing down.”。

　　综合分析题。题干问的是“根据文章，下列哪个表述不正确?”根据定位句分别得出四个选项：A项“如果达科塔输油管道完工，每天近50万桶原油将跨越四个州进行输送。”;B项“立岩苏族决定要中止1172英里长的输油管道的修建”;C项“此后，几千人，包括美国其他印第安部落的人们纷纷来到工地加入抗议大军。”;D项“双方都没有表示妥协的迹象。”。A、B、D三个选项均符合文中表述，只有C项不完全符合，故选C。

　　As the National Park Service celebrates its 100th anniversary(周年纪念), President Barack Obama has announced the establishment of one new national monument, and the expansion(扩大)of another. In Maine, more than 87,500 acres of forest will become government-protected parkland for the first time. In Hawaii, a national monument created by President George W. Bush in 2006 will expand to about 582,578 square miles, four times its current size.

　　Obama has now created or enlarged 26 national monuments during his presidency. As a result,his administration says, Obama has protected more of the nation' s land than any other president has. But some residents and officials, in both Maine and Hawaii, object to the plans. (78)They say their local economies depend on the use of these areas.

　　In establishing this monument, Obama took the side of conservationists ( 自然资源保护者)who want laws to protect wild lands. Creating a national park usually requires the approval of Con-gress. But a 1906 federal law allows the president to establish national monuments on his own.

　　The land' s new status as a monument means that mining and drilling operations are forbidden there. (79)It may also severely limit activities such as logging, road-building, and hunting. Some of Maine' s politicians who want to protect the state' s logging industries say Obama should not have acted alone. They say Washington should not tell the states how to use their land, especially when people' s jobs are at stake. Maine politician Susan Collins said the president should have listened to Maine lawmakers and residents, as well as to the U. S. Congress before making his decision.

　　However, those who support the president' s decision say the establishment of the new monu-ment will lead to new jobs through tourism.

　　16.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　　A.Creating New Jobs

　　B.Protecting Wild Animals

　　C.Stimulating Local Economies

　　D.Creating New National Monuments

　　答案：D

　　解析：第一段第一句话“As the National Park Service celebrates its lOOth anniversary，President Barack Obama has announced the establishment of one new nafional monument，and the expansion of another.”。

　　主旨题。题干问的是“下列哪个最适合做文章的标题?”根据定位句“在美国国家公园管理处庆祝100周年纪念之际，巴拉克?奥巴马总统宣布将新建一处并扩建另一处国家公园。”可知本文将重点讨论国家公园的新建和扩建问题。A项“创造新的工作”;B项“保护野生动物”;C项“刺激当地经济”;D项“建立新的国家公园”，只有D项最接近。故选D。

　　17.Obama has established or enlarged __________ national monuments during his two terms.

　　A.19

　　B.20

　　C.26

　　D.30

　　答案：C

　　解析：【定位】第二段第一句话“Obama has now created or enlarged 26 nafional monuments dur-ing his presidency.”。

　　细节题。题干问的是“在两届任期内，奥巴马已经建立或改建了多少处国家公园?”根据定位句“在其任期内，奥巴马已经新建或扩建了26处国家公园。”可知为26处。故选C。

　　18.In national monuments, __________ is forbidden.

　　A.logging

　　B.hunting

　　C.mining

　　D.road-building

　　答案：C

　　解析：【定位】第四段第一句话“The land’s new status as a monument means that mining and drilling operations are forbidden there.”。

　　细节题。题干问的是“在国家公园内，哪些事是禁止的?”根据定位句“成为国家公园用地的土地禁止用于采矿和钻探。”可知采矿(C项)和钻探是被禁止的，而伐木(A项)、狩猎(B项)和修路(D项)是被限制的，故选C。

　　19.The phrase at stake in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to__________.

　　A.in return

　　B.in danger

　　C.at present

　　D.by chance

　　答案：B

　　解析：【定位】第四段倒数第二句话“They say Washington should not tell the states how to use their land，especially when people’s jobs are at stake.”。

　　词汇题。题干问的是“第四段的at stake词组最接近哪个意思?”定位句“他们说白宫不应该干涉各州对土地的使用，特别是当威胁到当地人就业的时候。”表明at stake有“威胁”的意思。A项“回报”;B项“危险”;C项“目前”;D项“偶尔”。故选B。

　　20.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

　　A.The national monument in Hawaii was created by President Bush.

　　B.There is no objection to President Obama' s decision.

　　C.President Obama made this decision on his own.

　　D.The establishment of the new monument will lead to new jobs.

　　答案：B

　　解析：【定位】第一段最后一句话“In Hawaii，a national monument created by President George W.Bush in 2006…”;第二段第三句话“But some residents and officials，…，object to theplans.”;第四段第三句话“Some of Maine’s politician…say Obama should not have acted alone.”;最后一段“…those who suppoa the president’S decision say…will lead to new jobs…”。

　　综合分析题。题干问的是“根据文章，下列哪项表述不正确?”根据定位句“在夏威夷，乔治?W?布什总统在2006批准建立的一处国家公园”可知A项正确;根据定位句“但是，来自缅因州和夏威夷的一些居民和官员则反对这些计划。”可知B项不符合文意;根据定位句“有些缅因州政治家…认为奥巴马不应该独断专行。”可知C项正确;根据定位句“支持总统决定的人认为新的国家公园的建立会…创造更多的就业机会。”可知D项正确。故选B。

　　Toronto' s third City Hall, now known as Old City Hall, was designed by Edward James Len-nox and declared open on Sept.18,1899.

　　Created to provide more space for city officials, it turned out to be the largest building in the city and the largest city building in North America at the time.

　　Lennox took three years to design the City Hall and it took 11 years to build it. Contemporaries believe that the odd carvings (雕刻) above the Queen Street entrance were actually caricatures(漫画) of councilors at the time.

　　Lennox even included himself in the caricatures, on the west side of the central arch ( 拱门 ),and left a strange signature in the stonework of the link portions of the building.

　　The third City Hall was originally used as councilors' offices and legal offices, but it is used only as a courthouse today.

　　When the fourth City Hall (the one we know today) was declared open in 1965, Old City Hall was threatened to be pulled down. It was saved by a group of people called the "Friends of Old City Hall. "

　　The clock tower stands parallel with the middle of Bay Street, rather than with the center of the building. The bells in the tower were not installed until the building opened. Old City Hall was declared a historical site in 1989.

　　(80) The entire structure cost more than $ 2.5 million to build at the time. This is equal to $ 53 million today.

　　21.Toronto's third City Hall came into use in__________.

　　A.the 18th century

　　B.the 19th century

　　C.the 20th century

　　D.the 21st century

　　答案：B

　　解析： 【定位】第一段“Toronto’s third City Hall，…and declared open on Sept.18，1899.”。细节题。题干问的是“多伦多第三市政厅在哪一年投入使用?”根据定位句“多伦多第三市政厅…于1899年9月18日开放”可知，市政厅是在1899年投入使用。1899年属于l9世纪，故选B。

　　22. Old City Hall was constructed in __________ years.

　　A.3

　　B.7

　　C.9

　　D.11

　　答案：D

　　解析：【定位】第三段第一句“…it took 11 years to build it.”。 细节题。题干问的是“老市政厅修建了多少年?”根据定位句“…建设周期更长达11年”可知，共花了11年。故选D。

　　23.The third City Hall is now used as a__________.

　　A.middle school

　　B.hospital

　　C.cinema

　　D.courthouse

　　答案：D

　　解析：【定位】第五段“…but it is used only as a courthouse today.”。

　　细节题。题干问的是“第三市政厅目前作为什么使用?”根据定位句“…但今天只用作一个法庭。”可知目前只作为法庭使用。故选D。

　　24.From the passage we learn that__________.

　　A.Toronto spends lots of money yearly developing the city

　　B.some local residents showed a great interest in protecting the city' s cultural site

　　C.the City Council of Toronto hasn' t paid sufficient attention to the protection of the city' s culture

　　D.the City Hall is still the largest city building in North America today

　　答案：B

　　解析：【定位】第六段最后一句话“It was saved by a group of people called the‘Friends of Old City Hall.’”。

　　细节题。题干问的是“从文中，我们可得知什么?”根据定位句“一…这座市政厅被称为‘老市政厅之友’的群体拯救了。”可知B项是正确的。A项“多伦多每年花大量的钱来发展城市”，文中没有提及;C项“多伦多市政府对城市文化的保护没有给予足够的重视”，这与倒数第二段最后一句将老市政厅列为历史遗迹不符;D项“今天，市政厅仍是北美最大的城市建筑”，第二段中提到老市政厅曾经是北美最大的市政建筑，但对今天的情况并没有提到。’综合考虑，故选B。

　　25.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A.To build a structure like the City Hall will cost $ 2.5 million today.

　　B.The clock tower stands parallel with the centre of the City Hall.

　　C.Old City Hall was once pulled down in the development of the city.

　　D.Old City Hall is now a historical site.

　　答案：D

　　解析：【定位】最后一段第二句话“This is equal to$53 million today.”;倒数第二段第一句“The clock tower stands parallel with the middle of Bay Street，rather than with the center of the building.”;第六段第一句“…Old City Hall was threatened to be pulled down.”;倒数第二段最后一句“Old City Hall was declared a historical site in 1989.”。

　　综合分析题。题干问的是“根据文章，下列哪项是正确的?”根据定位句“这相当于今天的5300万美元。”(A项不符);“钟楼与贝街中心点平行，而不是与市政厅的中心平行。”(B项不符);“…老市政厅面临着被拆除的危险。”(C项不符);“老市政厅在1989年被认定为历史遗迹。”(D项符合)。综合分析可知，答案中只有D项是符合文中原义的，故选D。

　　The California lawmakers voted Thursday to raise the legal age to buy tobacco products from 18 to 21. The measure is part of a larger package of laws aimed at reducing tobacco use. If Gover-nor Jerry Brown signs the bill, California will become the second state, after Hawaii, to raise the age limit for buying cigarettes and other tobacco products. More than 100 cities in the U. S., inclu-ding New York and Boston, have already raised the age limit.

　　A week ago, the Caiifomia Assembly approved the measure, which--in addition to raising the age limit--treats electronic cigarettes the same as tobacco products, expands smoke-free areas, in-creases smoking bans and allows counties to collect higher taxes on cigarettes than the 87-cent per pack state tax. The Assembly' s vote came a few days after the city of San Francisco increased the age to buy tobacco products to 21.

　　California lawmakers passed the bill despite lobbying (游说)from tobacco interests. The meas-ure also faced opposition from many Republicans, who said the state should not be involved in po-licing people' s personal choices. "I don' t smoke. I don' t encourage my children to," said Re-publican Assemblyman Donald Wagner. "But they' re adults, and it' s our job to treat our citizens as adults. "

　　But supporters of the bill say raising the age to 21 moves legally purchased tobacco that much farther from younger kids. " This will save the medical system millions of dollars," said Democratic Assemblyman Jim Wood. ( 76 ) "It will save thousands of lives. " A 2015 study by the Institute of Medicine "found that if the minimum legal age to buy tobacco were raised to 21 nation-wide, tobacco use would drop by 12 percent by the time today' s teens reached adulthood. In addi-tion, there would be 223,000 fewer premature ( 过早的) deaths and 50,000 fewer deaths from lung cancer. "

　　26.Which of the following is the first state to raise smoking age to 21?

　　A.California.

　　B.Hawaii.

　　C.New York.

　　D.Washington.

　　答案：B

　　解析：【定位】第一段第三句话“…California will become me second stme，after Hawaii，to raise the age lirnjt for buying cigarettes alld otller tobacco products.”。

　　细节题。题干问的是“哪个是第一个提高吸烟年龄到21岁的州?”根据定位句“加州将成为继夏威夷之后第二个提高购买香烟和其他烟草产品合法年龄的州”可以推断加州是第二个州，而夏威夷是第一个州，故选B。

　　27.The California law includes all the following measures EXCEPT__________.

　　A.enlarging no-smoking areas

　　B.allowing counties .to collect higher taxes on cigarettes

　　C.increasing smoking bans

　　D.punishing parents who encourage their children to smoke

　　答案：D

　　解析：【定位】第二段第一句话“…treats electronic cigarettes the same as tobacco products，ex-pallds smoke-free areas，increases smoking bans and allows counties to collect lligher taxes…”。

　　细节题。题干问的是“下列哪项规定不在加州法律范围内?”定位句指出加州法律范围内有四条附加规定，分别是将电子香烟视为与烟草产品同等的存在，扩大了禁烟区的范围(A项)，提高了禁烟令(C项)，并且允许各镇对香烟征收高税(B项)。由此可知，D项“对鼓励孩子抽烟的父母进行惩罚”不属于加州法律范围。故选D。

　　28.The word policing in Paragraph 3 probably means__________.

　　A.enriching

　　B.controlling

　　C.understanding

　　D.protecting

　　答案：B

　　解析：【定位】第三段第二句话“…who said the state should not be involved in policing people’s personal choices.”。

　　词汇题。题干问的是“第三段中的policing的意思是?”根据定位句“…州政府不应policing人们的个人选择”可知，policing和政府行为有关，即用政策(policy)进行干涉和控制。A项“丰富”;B项“控制”;C项“了解”;D项“保护”。只有B项符合句意，故选B。

　　29.Who is against the bill?

　　A.Governor Jerry Brown.

　　B.Assemblyman Donald Wagner.

　　C.Assemblyman Jim Wood.

　　D.The mayor of San Francisco.

　　答案：B

　　解析：【定位】第三段第二句话“The measure also faced opposition from many Republicans，…”和第三句话“…said Republican Assemblyman Donald Wagner.”。

　　细节题。题干问的是“谁反对这项法案?”定位句“该项法案遭到了许多共和党人的反对”以及“共和党人唐纳德?瓦格纳说”表明唐纳德?瓦格纳属于反对法案的人群。A项“州长杰瑞?布朗”;B项“立法委员唐纳德?瓦格纳”;C项“立法委员吉姆?伍德”;D项“旧金山市长”。故选B。

　　30.Which of the following is an appropriate title for the passage?

　　A.Calitbrnia Lawmakers Vote to Raise Smoking Age to 21

　　B.San Francisco Increased the Age to Buy Tobacco Products to 21

　　C.Hawaii Has Already Raised the Age Limit to Buy Tobacco

　　D.A California Bill Faces Opposition from Many Republicans

　　答案：A

　　解析：【定位】全文第一句话“The California lawmakers voted Thursday to raise the legal age to buy tobacco products from 18 to21.”;第一段第三句话“…Califomia will become the second state，after Hawaii，to raise the age limit for buying cigarettes and other tobacco products.”;第二段最后一句话“The Assembly’s vote calrle a few days after the city of San Francisco in-creased the age to buy tobacco products to 21.”;第三段第二句话“The measure also faced op-position from many Republicans，…”。

　　综合分析题。题干问的是“下列哪个最适合作为本文的标题?”根据定位句分别得出四个选项：A项“加州立法议员在周四投票决定将合法购买烟草的年龄从18岁提高到21岁。”;B项“加州立法委员会的投票是在旧金山将合法购买烟草产品年龄提高到21岁之后进行的。”;C项“加州将成为继夏威夷之后第二个提高购买香烟和其他烟草产品合法年龄的州”;D项“该项法案遭到了许多共和党人的反对”。B，C，D三个选项都是具体的表现并不能全面概括文章的主旨，故选A。

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