2000年考研英语翻译真题解析

相关链接：历年考研英语翻译真题解析大汇总

2000年考研英语翻译真题解析

Directions:

Read the following passage carefully andthen translate underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must bewritten neatly no ASWER SHEET2.

Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that thewelfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth ofthe community.(71)Under modemconditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence thehelp of specialized scientists such as economists and operational researchexperts.(72)Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country'seconomy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture andindustry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists andtechnologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasinglycompelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production andensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, the mayencourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their ownresearch centers; they may alter the structure of education, of in they maycooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related toscience, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions areheavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technologicalmanpower of all kinds.

(73)Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, peopleeverywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs andideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still furtherinnovations for the reasons given above. At thesame time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is takingplace at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example.(74)in the early industrializedcountries of Europe the process of industrialization---with all thefar-reaching changes in social patterns that followed--was spread over nearly acentury, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in adecade or so.All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures andtensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems forthe governments concerned.(75)Additionalsocial stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problemsarising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadaysby modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governmentsare becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists forplanning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

精美译文：

世界各国政府都认为，人民的幸福主要依赖于社会的经济实力和财富。(71)在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域老师的协助。(72)再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。这就意味着，各国政府得越来越多地干预这些部门以便提高产量并确保产品会得到最好的利用。例如，政府可以用各种方法来鼓励研究，其中包括建立自己的研究中心;政府可以改革教育结构，或以政府干预来减少自然资源的消费量、开发迄今未被利用的资源;或者政府可以在日益增加的与科学、经济学和工业有关的项目中直接进行协作。无论如何，所有这些政府干预主要有赖于科学方面的咨询和各种类型的科技人才。

(73)大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。而同时，全世界的正常的社会变革速度与过去相比大大加快了。(74)在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在10年左右就可能完成这个过程。(75)由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。由于这些因素的结果，政府正越来越多地依靠生物学家和社会科学家来安排适当的规划，并付诸实施。

题目解析：

71)Under modem conditions, this requiresvarying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specializedscientists such as economists and operational research experts.

结构分析：

71) 状语结构Under // modern conditions, // 主句this // 并列结构1requires // varying measures of/ centralized control // 并列结构2and hence // 省略结构(requires)the help of / specializedscientists // 举例such as / economists and operationalresearch experts.

词义推敲：

under modernconditions 在现代条件下

requires 需要

varying measures (程度)不同的措施

centralized control中央控制，中央调控

and hence 因而，从而

specializedscientists 专门科学家，老师

operationalresearch experts 运营研究老师，运筹学家

参考译文：

在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学家等领域老师的协助。

得分重点：

并列结构，省略结构，

72)Furthermore, it is obvious that thestrength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of itsagriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts ofscientists and technologists of all kinds.

结构分析：

72) 状语结构Furthermore // 主句 形式主语it // is // obvious // 并列结构1 that thestrength of / a country's economy // 被动结构is directlybound up with // the efficiency of / its agriculture and industry, // 并列结构2 and that this // in turn // 固定短语rests upon// the efforts of / scientists and technologists / of all kinds.

词义推敲：

Furthermore 再者，另外，此外，而且

It is obvious that(固定译法)显而易见的是

the strength of acountry's economy 一个国家的经济实力

is directly boundup with 与……直接(密切)相关

bound 原形为bind,绑, 镶边, 装订, 凝固, 约束

the efficiency ofits agriculture and industry 工农业生产效率

this指代前面的宾语中心词efficiency。

in turn 反过来

rests upon 有赖于，取决于

scientists andtechnologists of all kinds 各种各样的科技人员

参考译文：

再者，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。

得分重点：

形式主语，并列结构，被动结构，固定短语rest upon

73)Owing to the remarkable developmentin mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are beingexposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced tointroduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

结构分析：

73) 原因状语Owing to // 多重定语the remarkabledevelopment / in mass-communications, // 主语peopleeverywhere // 谓语 并列结构1 are feeling // new wants // 并列结构2 and 被动结构are being exposed to // newcustoms and ideas, //状语从句while // governments // 被动结构are often forced to / introduce // still further innovations // 原因状语for the reasons given above.

词义推敲：

owing to 因为，由于

remarkabledevelopment 显著发展

mass-communications大众通讯，大众媒体

people everywhere 所有的人，各地的人

new wants 新的需求

being exposed to 接触到，感受到，我们最好不要说“被暴露于”

customs and ideas 习俗和思想

while：表转折、对比，译作“因而”。

be forced to 不得不

introduce 推出，采取，施行

for the reasonsgiven above 由于上述原因，基于以上原因

参考译文：

由于大众通讯的显著发展/大众通讯的显著发展使得，各地的人都不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常不得不推出更多的革新/各国政府不得不经常采取更进一步的革新措施。

得分重点：

被动结构，并列结构

74)in the early industrialized countriesof Europe the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes insocial patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereasnowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.

结构分析：

74) 状语结构in the early industrialized countries of Europe // 主语the process of industrialization // – 插入结构with// all the far-reaching changes // in social patterns // 定语从句that followed – // 谓语 被动结构was spread // over nearly a century, // 对比状语从句whereas // nowadays // a developing nation // may undergo // thesame process // 时间状语in a decade or so.

词义推敲：

industrializedcountries (实现)工业化国家

the process ofindustrialization 工业化进程，工业化过程

with ...thatfollowed 随……而来的，以及

that followed：修饰“changes”而不是“social patterns”。译作“随后发生的”。

far-reaching changes深刻的变革，影响深远的变化

social patterns 社会结构

spread over 持续，延续

nearly a century 大约(将近、几乎)一个世纪

whereas：然而，但是。

a developing nation一个发展中国家

undergo 经历

in a decade or so 在10年左右的时间

参考译文：

在早期实现工业化的欧洲国家里，其工业化进程——以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革——持续了大约一个世纪(之久)，而如今一个发展中国家在10年左右(的时间内)就可以完成(同样的/这个)过程。

得分重点：

状语从句，被动结构，插入结构，定语从句

75)Additional social stresses may alsooccur because of the population explosion or problems arising from massmigration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means oftransport.

结构分析：

75) 主句Additional social stresses // may also occur // 原因状语because of // the population explosion // or 多重定语problems / arising from / mass migration movements // – 独立主格结构反身代词themselves // 多重定语made relativelyeasy // nowadays // by modern means of transport.

词义推敲：

additional socialstresses 新的/额外的社会压力

stress：压力

occur：to takeplace; come about 发生;使发生

populationexplosion 人口猛增，人口爆炸

arising from 由……引起，产生于，来自于

mass migrationmovements 大量人口流动

migration 流动，迁移

migration movements人口流动

themselves：指代“massmigration movements”(人口流动本身)

modern means oftransport 现代交通工具

参考译文：

由于人口猛增或大量人口流动——现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易——(所引起的各种问题也/造成的种种问题也)(会对社会造成新的压力/可能产生新的社会压力)。

得分重点：

同位语结构，多重定语

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