1997年考研英语翻译真题解析

相关链接：历年考研英语翻译真题解析大汇总

1997年考研英语翻译真题解析

Directions:

Readthe following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentencesinto Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. Itsounds like a useful, ground?clearing wayto start. (71) Actually, itisn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.

On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows thatanimals have none. (72) Somephilosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part ofan exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot haverights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, forexactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, thisis only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights notonly to animals but also to some people — for instance to infants, the mentallyincapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force acontract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply tosomebody who says “I don't like this contract”?

The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people,arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. (73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: itinvites you to think that animals should be treated either with theconsideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental,question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?

Many deny it. (74)Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevantrespect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area ofmoral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake— a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed toother humans.

This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalentto chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”. In fact it is simply shallow: theconfused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moralreasoning — the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl — is to weigh others'interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination:without there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain isenough, for most, to engage sympathy. (75)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct formoral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather thanlaughed at.

精美译文：

动物有权力吗?问题通常就是这样提出的。这种提法听起来似乎有助于把问题讲清楚。(71)事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有一种共识为基础的，而这种共识并不存在。

诚然，根据对权利的一种看法，必然认为，这只是一种认识，而且是一种有争议的认识。这种认识不仅剥夺了动物的权利，而且也剥夺了某些人的权利，例如婴儿，他们是不会用脑力来思考问题的未来一代人。此外，谁也不清楚，对于从来就不同意契约的人来说，这项契约又有多少约束力，因为有人要是说“我不喜欢这项契约”，那你又如何作答呢?

问题的症结是，如果人们对人的权利没有一致的看法，那么争论动物的权利是徒劳无益的?(73)这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。这是一处错误的选择。最好换一种更为根本性的提法:我们对待动物的同情感用到关心动物的身上。

许多人否认这种提法。(74)这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。任何关心动物疾苦的想法都是错误的，因为它把应该用来关心其他人的同情感用到关心动物的身上。

这种观点认为，折磨猴子从道义上讲无异于劈柴。这种看法似乎是大胆的“逻辑推理”。实际上，这种看法是非常肤浅的，因为它逻辑混乱，所以应该摒弃。道德推理的最初级形式，和学习爬行的论理一样，是针对自身利益去权衡他人利益。这就需要同情心和将心比心的想像力，没有这两点就无法用道德观念来进行思考。看到动物受苦足以使大多数人产生同情感。(75)这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应该得到鼓励，而不应遭到嘲笑。

题目解析：

71)Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of humanrights, which is something the world does not have.

结构分析：

71) 状语结构Actually, // 主句it // isn't, //原因状语从句because // it // assumes // 宾语从句that there // is // an agreed account of / human rights, // 定语从句which // is // something // 定语从句(省略that)the world // does not have.

词义推敲：

it isn’t = It isn’t a useful, ground-clearingway to start.译作“事实并非如此”也能得分。

it主语代词，根据上下文意思这种问法，这种说法。

because it assumes

it 指代“这种问题”，是第二次提及，所以可以译作“它”。

assume：to take forgranted; suppose 想当然;以为

an agreed accountof human rights：对于人权的约定的看法，共同的认识

human rights 人的权利，人权

account：carefulthought 仔细考虑

which 指代“agreedaccount”

参考译文：

事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。

这种问法不恰当，因为这种问法假设人们对人权有共同的认识，这种共同的认识是(世界上)没有的。

得分重点：

原因状语从句，宾语从句，省略结构

72) Some philosophers argue that rightsexist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties andentitlements.

结构分析：

72) 主句Some philosophers // argue // 宾语从句that rights // exist // only within a social contract, // 介词短语作非限制性定语as // part of / an exchange of / duties and entitlements.

词义推敲：

argue：to attemptto prove by reasoning; maintain or contend 坚持，主张列举证明极力列举理由以证明;坚持或主张

social contract 社会契约

contract：an agreementbetween two or more parties, especially one that is written and enforceable bylaw 合同，契约两个或两个以上当事人之间达成的一种协议，尤指具有法律效力的书面协议

as part of 作为(是)……的一部分

exchange：to give inreturn for something received; trade 交换，交易给…以作为收到某物的回报;贸易

duties and entitlements：权利和义务

entitle：to furnishwith a right or claim to something 给…权利或给…资格

参考译文：

有些哲学家论证说，(权利只存在社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分/权利作为责任与权益相交换的一部分只存在于社会契约当中)。

得分重点：

宾语从句 ，as的用法，多重后置定语

73) It leads the discussion to extremesat the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated eitherwith the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no considerationat all.

结构分析：

73) 简单句It // leads the discussion to // extremes // 介词短语作状语结构at the outset: // 复合句it // invites you to //think // 宾语从句that animals // 被动结构should be treated // 并列结构1 either 介词短语作方式状语with the consideration // 定语从句省略结构(that)humans // extend to // other humans, // 并列结构2or // 介词短语作方式状语 with no consideration at all.

词义推敲：

it 指代“the point”(这种观点，这种说法)。

lead：to guide ordirect in a course 导引在一方向牵引或指

extreme：极端

at the outset 从一开始 = at thestart / beginning

invites you tothink 使人们认为

invite：to tend tobring on; provoke 引起;招致

that animals shouldbe treated 它使人们认为应该这样对待动物

treat：to act orbehave in a specified manner toward 对待对…以某种特定的方式行动或表现

consideration：thoughtfulconcern for others; solicitude 关心对他人的体贴关心;担忧

humans extend toother humans 人对待人

extend：to makeavailable; provide 可用;提供

参考译文：

这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：(要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情/要么像人类对待自己一样去关心动物，要么一点也不关心)。

得分重点：

宾语从句，被动结构，并列结构，定语从句，省略结构

74) Arguing from the view that humansare different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kindthink that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.

结构分析：

74) 分词短语作状语Arguing from // the view // 同位语从句that humans // are different from // animals // 介词短语作状语结构in every relevant respect, // 主句extremists /后置定语of this kind // (指代关系)think// 宾语从句that animals // lie outside // the area of /moral choice.

词义推敲：

arguing from theview 从……观点看，持……观点

be differentfrom... 与……不同

in every relevantrespect 在各相关方面

respect：a particularaspect, feature, or detail 某方面某个方面、某种特征或细节

relevant：having abearing on or connection with the matter at hand 相关联的和手头的事务有关系或关联的

extremists 极端主义者，持极端观点的人

lie outside thearea of moral choice：不在道德问题范围，与道德取舍无关

参考译文：

这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，(因此他们认为)对待动物无须考虑道德问题。

得分重点：

同位语从句，宾语从句

75) When that happens, it is not amistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinctthat should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

结构分析：

75) 时间状语从句When // that // happens, // 并列结构1 it // is not // a mistake: // 并列结构2 it //is // mankind's instinct // 介词短语作后置定语for moralreasoning / in action, // 独立主格结构an instinct // 定语从句that // should并列结构11 被动结构be encouraged // rather than // 并列结构22 省略结构(be)laughed at.

词义推敲：

that (代词作主语)联系上下文应该译为“当人们产生同情心的时候”

it 两个“it”都指代“When that happens”，译作“这”。

mankind's instinctfor moral reasoning 人类道德推理的本能

instinct：an inbornpattern of behavior that is characteristic of a species and is often a responseto specific environmental stimuli 本能一种天生的行为方式，其因物种不同而各异，通常是对某一具体环境刺激的反应

reasoning：推理

in action 起作用

rather than 而不

参考译文：

当发生这种情况，这并没有错：/这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。

得分重点：

时间状语从句，并列结构，同位语结构，定语从句，比较结构

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