1996年考研英语翻译真题解析

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1996年考研英语翻译真题解析

Directions:

Readthe following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

The differences in relative growth ofvarious areas of scientific research have several causes.

(71)Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of socialneeds. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in sciencebeing to some extent self-accelerating. Some ,how-ever , are less reasonable processes of different growth in whichpreconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons inauthority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas.

This is a new problem probably not yetunavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. (72)This trend began during the Second World War, when severalgovemments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a governmentwants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen indetail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions willarise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generallyvaluable to treat the scien-

tific establishment as a resource ormachine to be kept in functional order.(73)Thisseems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research notrelated to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.

This kind of support , like all governmentsupport , requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds.Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward.But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is moredifficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one ofsupporting "good " as opposed to "bad" science, but a validdetermination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tendsto become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate anelegant theory. (74)However, theworld is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with someof the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. (75) New forms ofthought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as theyhave in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

精美译文：

科学研究的各种领域的相关发展，存在若干原因。(71)在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求。另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。然而，有些发展速度的差异其原因就不尽合理，这是因为某些权威人干对科学理论研究应采取何种形式有先入为主的想法，这些想法起了改变不同科学领域的发展模式的作用。这是一个新问题，也许并非是不可避免的问题，但其趋势却令人担忧。(72)这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。然而，人们可以预见，往往会出现一些问题要求科学做出具体的回答。因此，将科研机构视为一种资源或一台机器，应维持其良好的运行状态。这样做通常是很有价值的。(73)给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这个问题。

此种资助也与所有政府资助一样，需要决定合适的投资对象。根据某一项目是否有效来做出决策是明确无误的。但是在几个都没有直接效用的项目中，要做出抉择就特别困难。资助机构的目标是支持“好”的科学，而不资助“坏”的科学，那是值得赞扬的。然而要做出正确的抉择却是困难的。人们往往将好科学与该科学是否有能力提出一套完美的理论混淆起来。(74)然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。(75)同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。

题目解析：

71 )Some of these causes are completelyreasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences ofparticular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.

结构分析：

71) 并列结构1 Some of / these causes // are // completely 多重定语reasonable results / of social needs. 简单句 并列结构2 Others // are // 多重定语reasonableconsequences of / particular advances // in science / 分词短语作后置定语being / to some extent / self-accelerating.

词义推敲：

some of thesecauses：其中一些原因

cause：the producerof an effect, result, or consequence 缘故，原因一种影响、结果或后果的制造者

result：theconsequence of a particular action, operation, or course; an outcome 结果，后果一种特殊的行动、运行或过程的结果;结果

others：指代关系。 =other causes 其它原因

reasonableconsequences：合理结果，必然结果

consequence：somethingthat logically or naturally follows from an action or condition 结果一种行为或情况在逻辑上或自然而然产生的结果

to some extent 在一定程度上

self-accelerating 自我加速

accelerate 加速，促进，增加(数量)

参考译文：

在这些原因中，有些完全是(自然而然地来自社会需求/社会需求的合理结果)，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。

得分重点：

并列结构，多重定语

72)This trend began during the SecondWorld War, when several govemments came to the conclusion that the specificdemands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannotgenerally be foreseen in detail.

结构分析：

72) 主句This trend // began // 介词短语作时间状语duringthe Second World War, //定语从句when // several govemments// came to / the conclusion // 同位语从句that the specificdemands // 定语从句that 主语agovernment // 谓语wants to / make 介词短语作状语结构of // its scientific establishment // 同位语从句的谓语cannot generally 被动结构be foreseen // indetail.

词义推敲：

this trend 这种趋势

when引到定语从句，前面一般有表示时间的名词作先行词。

从句如果是过去时，那么可以译作：“当时”，“其时”;

从句如果是将来时，那么可以译作：“到时”，“届时”。

came to theconclusion 得出了一个结论

that 引导同位语从句

the specificdemands 具体要求

make… of… 向……提出

scientificestablishment 科研机构

establishment：a public orprivate institution, such as a hospital or school私人公共机构一个公共或私人机构，如医院或学校

cannot be forseen 无法预见

in detail 详尽

参考译文：

这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

得分重点：

同位语从句，定语从句，被动结构

73)This seems mostly effectively done bysupporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but ofpossible consequence in the future.

结构分析：

73) 主句This // 被动结构seems mostlyeffectively done // 介词短语作方式状语by supporting // a certainamount / of research // 并列结构1 not related to //immediate goals // 并列结构2 but of possible consequence //介词短语作时间状语in the future.

词义推敲：

This指代“problem”，这一问题。

mostly effectivelydone：有效解决。

mostly：generally;usually 普遍地;通常地

done 解决

by doing sth. 通过……，以……

not … but …不是……而是……，没有……但有……

not related to 与……无关

relate：to bringinto or link in logical or natural association 使有联系使有逻辑的联系或有自然的联系

immediate goals 当前目标

immediate：of orrelating to the present time and place; current 目前的和当时当地有关的;当前的

possibleconsequence 可能的影响

参考译文：

给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持/通过支持某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。

得分重点：

被动结构，并列结构

74)However, the world is so made thatelegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's morefascinating and delightful aspects.

结构分析：

74) 状语结构However, // 主句the world // is// so made / 结果状语从句that // elegant systems // are // 介词短语作状语结构in principle // unable to deal with // 多重前置定语some (指代关系)of the world's / more fascinatingand delightful aspects.

词义推敲：

the world is somade 直译：世界就是这样构成的;意译：世界就是如此/这样。

so … that…：如此(以至于)

elegant systems (精美的)完美的/完善的体系

in principle 一般而言

deal with 解决，处理

more fascinatingand delightful aspects：更加(引人入胜/吸引人、令人高兴)的课题

fascinating：possessingthe power to charm or allure; captivating 魅惑的具有迷人或诱惑的力量;有魅力的

delightful：greatlypleasing 令人高兴的，使人愉快的

aspects 原义是方面，联系上下文译成“课题/问题”

参考译文：

然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世界上某些更加(引人入胜/吸引人、令人高兴)的课题的。

得分重点：

被动结构，结果状语从句，多重定语

74)However, the world is so made thatelegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's morefascinating and delightful aspects. 75) New forms of thought as well asnew subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past,giving rise to new standards of elegance.

结构分析：

75) 主句 并列结构1 New forms of / thought // as well as// 并列结构2 new subjects for / thought // 谓语must arise // 时间状语in the future // 方式状语从句as // they // have 省略结构(arisen) // in the past, // 现在分词作伴随状语giving rise to// new standards of / elegance.

词义推敲：

New forms of thought新的思维方式

new subjects forthought 新的思维对象

must：必然，必定

as they have in thepast：就像过去一样

they：指代“new formsof thought”和“new subjects for thought”

giving rise to 给出，产生，带来

new standards ofelegance 新的完美的标准

参考译文：

同过去一样，(将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准/新的思维方式和新的思维对象将来必然会出现，产生一个新的完美的标准)。

得分重点：

并列结构，方式状语从句，省略结构

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