成考专升本英语作文写作要点分析(2)

　　四、如何开端和结尾

　　文章开端的常见写法

　　1. 背景法：说明事件发生的时间、地点、情景等背景。如：

　　I was once spending the month of 1982 in a small seaside village in the south of China. It is a wonderful place quiet and not fashionable. People usually do not go there.

　　2. 人物法：交代文章所要描述的主要人物或有关人物。如：

　　Once upon a time there was an honest old fellow named Hans. He had a kind heart and a funny， round， good humoured face. He lived in a tiny cottage all alone， and every day he worked in his garden.

　　alone 独自一人

　　lonely 孤独的

　　3. 主题句法：提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明和论述的主题。如：

　　One of the most notable phases of the industrial revolution was the rapid growth of cities ――the shifting of population from rural districts to the urban centers.

　　rural 乡村的unban 城市的

　　4. 问题法：用提出问题的方法来引出文章的内容，以吸引读者的注意力。如：

　　What is the nature of the scientific attitude， the attitude of the man who studies and applies physics， chemistry， medicine， engineering or any other science?

　　5. 惊语法：用令人感到惊奇的句子开头，激起读者的兴趣。如：

　　A 39-storeyed building in construction collapsed in the city yesterday.

　　6. 故事法：以讲述一段故事作为引子，在此基础上展开故事情节。如：

　　I was spending the night in my aunt's villa one summer. That night， being on a strange bed and feeling excited prevented me from sleeping. I slipped out of bed and went to the bathroom. Suddenly， a strange noise coming from behind made me spin around.

　　villa 别墅

　　prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

　　spin around 使人头晕目眩

　　7. 数据法：引用已经证实的某些统计数字来引起话题。如：

　　The fact that less than 5% of the British population graduate from universities may seem surprising， especially when compared with the American percentage of over 30%

　　8. 引语法：摘录或引用某些名人的名言或常见的习语、谚语，作为文章的开端。如：

　　Happiness is very important to our life. Shakespeare said， “One who is unhappy can never get a beneficial result.”

　　be important to

　　9. 定义法：常见于对标题下定义，然后通过举例，逻辑推理等方法加以详细说明。如：

　　A true good student is one who possesses good morality， sound health， perfect knowledge and various abilities.

　　morality 道德品质

　　sound adj.健康的

　　对于不到100字的短文，我们通常用人物交代法、主题句法等。

　　文章结尾的常见写法

　　1. 简要评价或作结论：文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。如：

　　In short， we can say that science to human beings is like food to our bodies. Science frees us from the bondage of Nature. Science itself is innocent， but sometimes man has misused it.

　　in short 简而言之

　　2. 重复主题句：回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。如：

　　With the foregoing three points in mind， one may be a true good student.

　　3. 用反问结尾：虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，具有明显的强调作用，引起读者思考。如：

　　If there were no homework on weekends， students would come to school on Monday well refreshed and willing to work. Teachers， don't you agree?

　　4. 含蓄句：用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明或写明作者的看法，而让读者自己去意会和思考。如;

　　Do you really think that Beijing is the liveliest city in China? I never asked it. But I could read the answer in every eye.

　　5. 提出展望或期望：表示对将来的展望或期待读者投入行动。如：

　　Now we can say that in the last quarter of the 20th century， society will probably have its greatest change.

　　6. 引语句：用格言、谚语或习语总结全文。如：

　　Later riser may find it very difficult to cultivate the habit of early rising. They ought to make a special effort to do so. As the English proverb says， “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”

　　cultivate vt.培养， 耕作

　　在专升本100字以内的作文中，常用的是重复主题句、简单评价或者做总结。

　　描写文思考题：

　　1. My Grandfather/Grandmother

　　Have you a grandfather or a grandmother? Have you two grandfathers or grandmothers? Who is your favourite grandparent? What does he/she look like? How old is he/she? What work does he/she do? Has he/she retired? If so， what work used he/she to do? Where does he/she live? Does anybody look after him/her? How often do you see him/her? What does he/she do most days?

　　2. Friends

　　Have you any friends? What are their names? Why do you like them? About how old are they? Where do they live? What work do they do? When do you meet them? What things do you and they do together?

　　3. My Neighbours

　　Do you know your neighbours well? Are any of them of about your own age? Are any of them friends of yours? What work do they do? Are any of them especially interesting? When do you see them? When do you meet them? What do you and they do together?

　　My Grandmother

　　原文：

　　My grandmother is a kind and honest woman. She is always very friendly， so everyone likes her.

　　My grandmother is 76 years old， but she looks younger. She lives in Hunan. She worked as a worker in a factory. She was diligent and liked her job very much. But now， she always stays at home and watches TV. We worry about her health， (Because) my family living closely， so we often take her to go for walks.

　　I hope to see her very soon. I miss her very much.

　　Friends

　　原文：

　　I have many friends. I usually telephone or write to them. Friends may make me happy. They reminds me of the wonderful time we (have) played before. The friendship (is) like sunshine in my life.

　　Today we have the one-child policy in (China) china. (Children) Child maybe feel(s) lonely at home. As a boy's mother， I am thinking the way to help him to make more friends. I get to find (that) some mothers of his kindergarten have the same idea. So we (organize) are organized together. We often take our children to the park and they play freely. We swim in summer and skate in winter.

　　I have found a new idea recently. I (have) invited one of them to my home on weekend(s)， (they) just (play) like brothers in a family. The children (have) played well and happily. Sometimes they quarrel (with) to each other of course. That's also a way (of) making them get to know how to get together with others.

　　Have fun! The more friends you make(，) the more happiness you would have!

　　remind sb. of sth.

　　My Neighbors

　　原文：

　　Living in a tall building(，)。 I have many neighbors. Now， I want to tell you about my neighbors who live with me in the same (storey) story.

　　On the right side is the Yang's and on the left is the Liu's. They all have a daughter and they all like dogs. Several years ago， they usually talked about their daughters. Such as how fast their daughters (grew) grow up and so on. Now their daughters have grown up to be young ladies. So they change to feed dogs. Every evening I meet them (lead) leading the dog in our stairs and say “Hello” to them. As soon as they come out of the gate something is changed. To my surprise， it's the dogs that leading them to have the walk! The dogs are running fast ahead and they are chasing after (them) it. They tell me that they are doing their evening exercises!

　　My son likes dogs too. He always visits the Yong's and plays with the dog Baobao (the dog's name)。 They make good friends. Baobao always barks at strangers but never at my son.

　　“Neighbors (are) even closer than far relatives!” I am so happy that I am getting along well with my neighbors.

　　bark at sb.  向某人喊叫

?全国2008年成人高考成绩查询汇总