自考英语(二)模拟练习题31

自考英语(二)模拟练习题31

[单选题]The Forbidden Apple

New York used to be the city that never sleeps. These days it’s the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty(at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple.

If you wanted a glass of wine with your picnic in Central Park, could you have one? No chance.Drinking alcohol in public isn’t allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the last crumbs of your sandwich, you could be arrested. It’s illegal. If you went to a par for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldn’t it? Er...no. You can’t smoke in public in New York City.

What's going on? Why is the city that used to be so open-minded becoming like this?The mayor of New York is behind it all. He has brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want, when they want.

The press are shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They recently spent $100,000 on a “Don’t blame the cop”campaign. One New York police officer said, “We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws.It"s all about money.”

The result is a lot of fines for minor offences. Yoav Kashida, an Israel tourist, fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up, two police officers fined him because he had fallen asleep on two seats( you mustn’t use two seats in the subway ). Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway.

The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, "says. Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray. "He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray.

But not all of New York’s inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugarry, 72, said, "The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws. America would be a better place to live. "Nixon Patrick. 38, a barman, said, "I like the new laws. If people smoked in here.we’d go home smelling of cigarettes."

Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100, 000 people than 193other US cities. And it’s true—it’s safer, cleaner and more healthy than before. But let’s be honest—who goes to New York for its clean streets?

No one will visit a city just because it is clean.()。

ARight

BWrong

CNot mentioned

参考答案：A

[单选题]Friendship

Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted, we often don"t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few—for example,the average among students is about 6 per person.

Moreover,a great many relationships come under the blanket term "friendship". In all cases, two people like each other and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their mutual interest vary enormously.

Initially, much depends on how people meet, and on favourable first impressions. As we get to know people, we take into account things like age, race, physical attractiveness, economic and social status,and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to relate to people when there is a marked difference in age and back ground.

On a more immediate level, we are sensitive to actual behaviour, facial expression, and tone of voice. Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than mere acquaintances. Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness, and it is because they may transmit the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends. A friendly gaze with the wrong facial expression can turn into an aggressive stare, and nervousness may be misread as hostility. People who do not look one in the eye are mistrusted when, in fact, they simply lack confidence.

Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common-they often talk about "being on the same wavelength". It generally takes time to reach this point;sometimes people "click" immediately. The more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favours and hate to let them down. Equally, friends have to learn to make allowances for each other,to put up with irritating habits,and to tolerate differences of opinion. Imagine going camping with someone you occasionally meet for a drink!

In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies, no rituals to strengthen the association between two people. But the mutual support and understanding that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.

Only smiles can express friendliness. ()。

ARight

BWrong

CNot mentioned

参考答案：B

[单选题]The Forbidden Apple

New York used to be the city that never sleeps. These days it’s the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty(at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple.

If you wanted a glass of wine with your picnic in Central Park, could you have one? No chance.Drinking alcohol in public isn’t allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the last crumbs of your sandwich, you could be arrested. It’s illegal. If you went to a par for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldn’t it? Er...no. You can’t smoke in public in New York City.

What's going on? Why is the city that used to be so open-minded becoming like this?The mayor of New York is behind it all. He has brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want, when they want.

The press are shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They recently spent $100,000 on a “Don’t blame the cop”campaign. One New York police officer said, “We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws.It"s all about money.”

The result is a lot of fines for minor offences. Yoav Kashida, an Israel tourist, fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up, two police officers fined him because he had fallen asleep on two seats( you mustn’t use two seats in the subway ). Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway.

The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, "says. Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray. "He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray.

But not all of New York’s inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugarry, 72, said, "The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws. America would be a better place to live. "Nixon Patrick. 38, a barman, said, "I like the new laws. If people smoked in here.we’d go home smelling of cigarettes."

Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100, 000 people than 193other US cities. And it’s true—it’s safer, cleaner and more healthy than before. But let’s be honest—who goes to New York for its clean streets?

The mayor of New York made a lot of new laws.()。

ARight

BWrong

CNot mentioned

参考答案：B

[单选题]Friendship

Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted, we often don"t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few—for example,the average among students is about 6 per person.

Moreover,a great many relationships come under the blanket term "friendship". In all cases, two people like each other and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their mutual interest vary enormously.

Initially, much depends on how people meet, and on favourable first impressions. As we get to know people, we take into account things like age, race, physical attractiveness, economic and social status,and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to relate to people when there is a marked difference in age and back ground.

On a more immediate level, we are sensitive to actual behaviour, facial expression, and tone of voice. Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than mere acquaintances. Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness, and it is because they may transmit the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends. A friendly gaze with the wrong facial expression can turn into an aggressive stare, and nervousness may be misread as hostility. People who do not look one in the eye are mistrusted when, in fact, they simply lack confidence.

Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common-they often talk about "being on the same wavelength". It generally takes time to reach this point;sometimes people "click" immediately. The more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favours and hate to let them down. Equally, friends have to learn to make allowances for each other,to put up with irritating habits,and to tolerate differences of opinion. Imagine going camping with someone you occasionally meet for a drink!

In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies, no rituals to strengthen the association between two people. But the mutual support and understanding that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.

The average student has about six friends. ()。

ARight

BWrong

CNot mentioned

参考答案：A

[单选题]Life Is Difficult

Life is a series of problems. ____1___Do we want to teach our children to solve them?

Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems. Without discipline we can solve nothing. ____2____With total discipline we can solve all problems.

____3____Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration of grief, sadness, loneliness, guilt, regret, anger, fear, anxiety, anguish, or despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we can call them problems. And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.

Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. __4_ When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. _____5____

As Benjamin Franklin said, "Those things that hurt, instruct. It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.

请选择5题正确答案()。

A It is through the pain of confronting and resolving that we learn

B Do we want to moan about them or solve them?

C What makes life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one.

D It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually

EI know about this moaning because I have done my share

F With only some discipline we can solve only some problems.

参考答案：A

[问答题]Can Mobile phones Cause Disease?

“Mobile phone killed my man.”screamed one headline last year. Also came claims that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones heat the brain.

For anyone who uses a mobile phone,these are worrying times. But speak to the scien​tists whose work is the focus of these scares and you will hear a different story. According to them,there is no evidence that mobile phones cause cancer or any other illness in people.

What we do have, however, are some results suggesting that mobile phones’emissions have a variety of strange effects on living tissue that can’t be explained by the general radia​tion biology. And it’s only when the questions raised by these experiments are answered that we’ll be able to say for sure what mobile phones might be doing to the head.

One of the odd effects comes from the now famous “memory loss” study. Alan Preece and his colleagues at the University of Bristol placed a device that imitated the microwave emissions of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers. The volunteers were just as good at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen whether or not the device was switched on. Preece says he still can,t comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end. But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities. "I"m pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory, "he says.

Another expert, Tattersail, remarked that his latest findings, have removed fears about memory loss. One result, for instance, suggests that nerve cell synapses exposed to micro​waves become more―rather than less—receptive to undergoing changes linked to memory formation.

Hopefully,microwaves might turn out to be good for you. It sounds crazy, but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Medical Center in California found that mice exposed to microwaves for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours when given a cancer-causing chemical.

段落对应小标题。

1.Paragraph1____.

2.Paragraph2____.

3.Paragraph3____.

4.Paragraph4____.

5.Paragraph5____.

A.Bad Results

B.Widespread Opposition

C.Groundless Anxiety

D.No Effect on Short-term Memory

E.Mysterious Effects

F.Further Reassurance

参考答案：

1.解析为第一段中的关键词killed说明移动电话带来的后果，后面列举了 memory loss(记忆丢失)，heat the brain(热脑)两种危害。可以看出本段主要讲了移动手机带来的不良后果，用A项可以很好地归纳。

答案为A

2.解析为第二段讲到使用手机会产生焦虑，因为科学家给出了不同的论断：没有证据证明手机会导致癌症或其他疾病。因此这些焦虑是没有依据的。C项中groundless意为没有依据的、无根据的，符合本段主旨。

答案为C

3 .解析为第三段讲到手机的辐射对活体组织会产生影响，但是只有实验的结果出来后才可以肯定是否对大脑有影响。所以说这些影响都是在“未定”的情况下，用mysterious来概括比较贴切。

答案为E

4.解析为第四段讲Alan Preece和他的同事所做的实验表明手机有直接影响我们的认知能力，但是可以肯定是没有影响到短期记忆。正好与D项符合。

答案为D

5.解析为第五段讲到另一位专家的解释，他再次确定了手机不会对短期记忆产生影响，是因为神经细胞的突触在微波的刺激下会对信息记忆变得更加灵敏。所以这是属于对第四段内容的再次肯定(reassurance)。

答案为F

[单选题]Working Mothers

Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal 1 is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, there are a 2 of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot 3 to see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity. Many mothers are not 4 out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant .they fell trapped and isolated.

There are a number of options when it 5 to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady across the street. 6 ,however,many parents don"t have any choice;they have to accept anything they can get. Be pre​pared ! No exception how good the childcare may be, some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a 7 normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months, but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family members. Make sure that in the first week you allow 8 time to help your child settle in.

All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more attached to their mothers. Remember that if you want to 9 the best for your children.it"s not the quantity of time you spend with them,it"s the 10 that matters.

请选择10题正确答案()。

A perfectly

B view

C plenty of

D number

E attitude

F certainly

G afford

H in reality

I comes

J cut

K do

L quality

参考答案：L

[单选题]Hitchhiking

When I was in my teens and 20s, hitchhiking was a main form of long-dis​tance transport. The kindness or curiosi​ty of strangers ___1____ me all over Europe,North America, Asia and southern Africa. Some of the lift-givers became friends,many provided hospitality ___2____the road.

Not only did you find out much more about a country than when traveling by train or plane,but also there was that element of excitement about where you would finish up that night, Hitchhiking featured importantly in Western culture. It has books and songs about it. So what has happened to ____3____ ?

A few years ago, I asked the same question about hitchhiking in a column on a news​paper. ___4______ of people from all over the world responded with their view on the state of hitchhiking.

"If there is a hitchhiker"s heaven it must be Iran," came one reply. Rural Ireland was recommended as a friendly place for hitchhiking,____5____ was Quebec, Canada一"if you don"t mind being berated for not speaking French."

But while hitchhiking was clearly still alive and well in many parts of the world, the_____6____ feeling was that throughout much of the west it was doomed.

With so much news about crime in the media, people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus ticket must present a danger. But do we ___7___ to be so wary both to hitchhike and to give a lift?

In Poland in the 1960s,according to a Polish woman who e-mailed me,"the authorities introduced the Hitchhiker"s Booklet. The booklet contained coupons for drivers,so each time a driver ___8____ somebody,he or she received a coupon. At the end of the season,drivers who had picked up the most hikers were rewarded with various prizes. Everybody was hitchhiking then."

Surely this is a good idea for society. Hitchhiking would increase respect by breaking down____9___between strangers. It would help fight global warming by cutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels. It would also improve educational standards by delivering instant ___10_____ in geography, history, politics and sociology.

请选择10题正确答案()。

Aneed

Bpicked up

Cas

Dbarriers

Egeneral

Flessons

Gfor

HIt

IDebates

JOn

K Hundreds

L took

参考答案：F

[单选题]The World Cup

This summer’s World Cup competi​tion will see teams competing to play the world’s best football. But the football they play will not all be of the same kind. The fans expect different styles of play from Brazil, Germany, or Italy.

What makes Brazilian football Brazilian? Our style of playing football contrasts with the Europeans because of a combination of qualities of surprise, accuracy and good judgment. This style has won Brazil five world cups. Yet many Brazilian fans only count four of these victories. In 1994, the team abandoned this style for modern, scientific training and tactics.The team won the cup, but in a boring way.

The Italians think differently. "To many Italians, the score 0-0 has a glorious quality suggesting perfection, "says the British football writer Simon Kuper. In the Italian culture the idea of face is very important. This is why Italian teams are traditionally built around strong defences. The Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff once said that Italian teams never exactly beat you. It’s just that you often lose to them.

In Holland, there is a tradition of decision making through argument and discussion. It is a society where everybody is expected to have a point of view. "Every Dutch player wants to control the game, "says Arnold Muhren. "You play football with your brains and not your feet."

"A Dutch player argues," says Simon Kuper. " An English player obeys his superior. He is a soldier. " The qualities valued in English football are military—strength, aggression and courage. This can make for exciting football. But it also means that the English find it difficult to use skillful players. David Beckham is usually criticized for his failure to defend—despite the fact that he is an attacker.

If the English like to fight. the Germans like to win. In recent years, Germany has tried to change its image as a country of ruthless efficiency and a desire for victory at all costs. But Germans are quite happy for these qualities to remain in their national football team. "Foot-ball is a simple game," Gary Lineker once said. "You kick a ball about for ninety minutes and in the end the Germans win."

It"s difficult to predict who will win this year’s World Cup. There is no strong favorite.But a look at the track record of previous winners shows that it is the nations with the strongest national characteristics in the football that perform best. It seems that you need to know where you come from if you want to get to the top.

Why do many Italians think that the score 0-0 has a glorious quality?()。

ABecause it makes no one lose face

BBecause the Italian team is not very strong.

CBecause Italians are nice people.

DBecause that score is what their team could obtain.

参考答案：A

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