2014年成人英语三级考试阅读理解考前练习题三十八

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　　Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage

　　A great difference between American social customs and those of other countries is the way in which names are used. Americans have little concern for "rank", especially socially. Most Americans do not want to be treated in any especially respectful way because of their age or social rank; it makes them feel uncomfortable. Many Americans even find the terms "Mr.", "Mrs" or "Miss" too formal. People of all ages may prefer to be called by their first names. "Don't call me Mrs Smith. Just call me Sally." Using only first names usually indicates friendliness and acceptance. However, if you do not feel comfortable using only first names, it is quite acceptable to be more formal. Just smile and say that after a while you will use first names but you are accustomed to being more when you first meet someone.

　　Very often, introductions are made using both first and last names: " Mary Smith, this is John Jones." In this situation you are free to decide whether to call the lady "Mary" or "Miss Smith". Sometimes both of you will begin a conversation using last names, and after a while one or both of you may begin using first names instead. You have a choice: if you don't want to use first names so quickly, no one will think it impolite if you continue according to you own custom.

　　1. In the first paragraph the author tells us that

　　A. Americans do not talk about rank, especially socially

　　B. Americans feel uncomfortable when talking about rank

　　C. Americans tae interests in social customs

　　D. Americans don't care much about social rank

　　2. According to the passage, most Americans feel when they are treated especially respectfully owing to their age or social rank.

　　A. sick B. sorry C. uneasy D. embarrassed

　　3. Which of the following statements in NOT true?

　　A. The way names are used in America is different from those of other countries.

　　B. Many Americans are used to being called by their first names.

　　C. It shows friendliness and kindness to use only first names.

　　D. When you talk to people in the United States, you have to use their first names.

　　4. If an American lady say "Don't call me Mrs Smith, just call me Sally." that shows

　　A. she is not a married woman

　　B. she prefers to be called "Sally"

　　C. she is not Mrs Smith

　　D. she likes to be more formal

　　5. The passage you've just read would most likely be found in a

　　A. guide-book for tourists

　　B. book about American history

　　C. notice

　　D. short story

　　PASSAGE 1

　　美国与其他国家社会习俗的一个显着不同是名字的使用方式。美国人很少关注"级别"，特别是在社交方面。多数美国人不想因其年长或者级别高而受到特别的尊敬。这种特别的尊敬会让他们感到局促不安。很多美国人甚至认为称呼"先生"、"女士"和"小姐"过于正式。他们无论年长或者年少可能更愿意别人称他们的名字。"不要称呼我史密斯女士，就叫我萨利好了。"只称呼名字常常意味着友好和接纳。但是如果只称呼名字你会感到不安，正式一些是完全可以接受的。只要微笑着说过一会儿你会称呼名字，但是第一次见面你习惯于比较正式的称呼。

　　通常介绍时会同时使用姓和名："玛丽?史密斯，这位是约翰?琼斯。"在这种情况下，你可以自由决定称呼这位女士"玛丽"还是"史密斯小姐"。你们有时会以称呼对方的姓开始交谈，不久其中一人或两人同时开始称呼名字。你可以选择：如果你不想这么快就称呼名字，没有人会认为你按照自己的习惯继续称呼姓氏是不礼貌的。答案解析：

　　1. D 第一段讲道美国人很少关注"级别"，特别是在社交方面。多数美国人不想因其年长或者级别高而受到特别的尊敬。这种特别的尊敬会让他们感到局促不安。比较四个选项，D的意思最准确、最符合原文。

　　2. C 第一段原文提到 多数美国人因其年长或者级别高而受到特别的尊敬时会感到局促不安。所以选C。 "uncomfortable" 在本文中应该理解为"局促不安的"(ill at ease; uneasy).

　　3. D 第一段结尾提到 如果只称呼名字你会感到不安，正式一些是完全可以接受的。只要微笑着说过一会儿你会称呼名字，但是第一次见面你习惯于比较正式的称呼。所以与美国人谈话并不一定必须(have to)称呼名字。

　　4. B 从引文的上下文中可以推断出 "Mrs. Smith"是比较正式的称呼，而美国人更喜欢直接称呼名字。所以选择 B

　　5. A 本文主要介绍美国的社会习俗 - 社交场合的称呼，与历史无关、不是通知的形式、更不是短篇小说。所以最可能出现在旅游指南上。

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