2022年成人学位英语考试考前训练题44

2022年成人学位英语考试考前训练题44

一、词汇和语法

1.It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without _____.

A.exception

B.exclusion

C.modification

D.substitution

[答案] A

[译文] 很明显，这条规定适用于任何人，没有例外。

[解析] Without exception为固定搭配，表示“毫无例外，无一例外”。Exclusion表示“排除，排外”;modification的意思是“更改，修正”;substitution表示“替代”。

2.Last night he saw two dark _____ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.

A.features

B.figures

C.sketches

D.images

[答案] B

[译文] 昨天晚上他看见两个黑影进了大楼，然后就发生了爆炸。

[解析] Feature 表示“特征，特点”;sketch的意思是“素描，梗概，草图”;image表示“形象”;而figure表示“外形，轮廓，体型”，符合上下文。

3.Faced with rapid inflation and _____ international and home markets, many firms have declared bankrupt.

A. lessening

B. shortening

C. shrinking

D. withdrawing

[答案] C。考查近义动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思及用法分别是：选项Alessening减少，减轻，侧重指程度、重要性等的减轻。如：The defeat lessened our chances of winning the championship.此次失败使我们夺冠的希望变得更加渺茫。lessen the burden of减轻负担;选项Bshortening缩短，变短，如The days are beginning to shorten.天开始变短了。shorten the gap between缩小……之间的差距;选项Cshrinking使收缩，缩小，减少，侧重指尺寸、大小等的变小。如：The number of students attending the lecture has shrunk.听讲座的学生人数减少了。Will this soap shrink woolen clothes?这种肥皂会使羊毛衣服缩水吗?选项D withdrawing收回，撤退，撤销，如：After awhile, he withdrew his proposal.过了一会儿，他撤回了他的提议。根据题意可判断出选项C应为正确答案。全句意思是“面对通货膨胀和日益缩小的国际国内市场，许多公司都已宜布破产”。

4.We'd better eliminate junk foods from our kitchen and keep a variety of high-quality foods _____ at all times.

A. available

B. desirable

C. enormous

D. numerous

[答案] A。考查形容词语义环境。四个选项的意思分别是：选项Aavailable现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的;选项Bdesirable称心如意的，值得有的，如I envy Jane because her job is so desirable.我很羡慕简，因为她有一份很称心的工作。选项Cenormous巨大的，极大的，庞大的;选项Dnumerous许多的，很多的，如：This is a conclusion he has drawn from numerous facts.这是他从很多事实当中得出的结论。根据题干可判断出选项A应为正确答案。全句的意思为“我们应清除厨房里的垃圾食品，而使各种高质量的食物随手可及”。

5.The purpose of your resume is to _____ enough interest in you to have an employer contact you for an interview.

A. assemble

B. generate

C. yield

D. gather

[答案] B。考查动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思分别是：选项Aassemble意为“集合，聚集，召集;装配”，如：The whole school assembled in the main hall.全校学生在大礼堂集合。Before you assemble the model plane, read the instructions.在你组装模型飞机前，先读说明书。选项Bgenerate意为“生成，产生(光、热、电等;引起(兴趣等”，如：News of the Queen's visit is generating a lot of excitement.女皇来访的消息使大家感到非常兴奋。选项Cyield意为“生产，产生(利润、回报等;投降，屈服”，如：His business yields big profits.他的生意利润丰厚。选项Dgather意为“聚集，集合;收集，采集”，如：Many people gathered in the town square.很多人聚集在市政广场。该题需注意选项B和选项C在搭配上的区别。根据题意，选项B应为正确答案。全句意思为是“简历就是要充分引起雇主对你的兴趣，并达到进一步联系面试的目的”。

6.Some concepts may be difficult to grasp chiefly because they may be unfamiliar or _____ ideas, opinions which we already hold.

A. in accordance with

B. in conflict with

C. in favor of

D. in response to

[答案] B。考查介词短语的语义。四个选项的意思分别是：选项Ain accordance with依照，根据;选项Bin conflict with与……相冲突;选项Cin favor of支持，赞同;选项Din response to作为对……的反应。根据题意可判断出选项B为正确答案。全句的意思为“一些观念很难让人领会主要是因为我们对其不熟悉或者是因为与我们原有的观点相矛盾”。

7.The city government has determined to get _____ with people who try to escape paying taxes.

A. rough

B. tough

C. rigid

D. bold

[答案] B。考查形容词语义及搭配。能与介词with搭配的只有选项Btough，get tough with/on sb.意为“对……采取坚决态度;对……采用强硬手段”。其余选项的意思分别是：选项Arough意为“粗糙的;粗野的，粗暴的;粗略的，大致的”;选项Crigid(行为观点等严格的，死板的，不易改变的;选项Dbold意为“勇敢的，无畏的;冒失的，鲁莽的”。全句的意思是“政府部门决心采取强硬手段来惩治偷税人员”。

8.Human beings are superior to animals _____ they can use language as a tool to communicate.

A. for which

B. in which

C. in that

D. for that

答案：C

详解：答案为C。in that表示“因为，既然”

9.Do you know the name of that _____ insect?

A. funny, little, red, mosquito-like

B. little, funny, mosquito-like, red

C. red, little, funny, mosquito-like

D. mosquito-like, red, little, funny

答案：A

详解：答案为A。本题考核修饰语的排列顺序：限定词—数词—一般描绘性形容词—表示大小、形状的形容词—表示年龄、新旧的形容词—表示色彩的形容词—表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词—表示物质、材料的形容词—表示用途、类别的形容词—被修饰名词。了解个大概顺序，如果记不得，只有读几遍凭语感来选择。

10.The time has come _____ we make extensive use of nuclear energy.

A. When

B. while

C. as

D. since

答案：A

详解：答案为A。when引导的定语从句修饰time，有时为了使句子平衡，也就是使主语不必过长，而把定语从句或同位语从句后置于谓语之后。如：The news came that our team won the match.

11.Professor Black and professor Smith will _____ in giving the class lectures.

A. alter

B. change

C. alternate

D. differ

答案：C

详解：答案为C。alternate指“交替”;alter指“改变”。

12.We drive our car fast and soon _____ other cars on the road.

A. oversee

B. overtake

C. overrun

D. override

答案：B

【译文】我们开得很快，一会儿就超越了公路上的其他汽车。

【注释】overtake“追上，赶上，超过”。oversee“俯瞰;监督，监视”。overrun“溢出;(侵略军横行于”。override“奔越过，践踏过;制服，压倒”。

13.Are there any other factors that might affect the development of a child ______ education and innate inability?

A. apart from

B. away from

C. far from D. but for

答案：A

详解：应选A项。

apart from除……之外，away from远离，far from 远非，but for要不是。

句意为：除了教育和先天的不足，还有什么其他因素会影响一个孩子的发展?

14.I would never have encouraged you to go into this field _____ it would be so hard for you.

A. had I known

B. and I had known

C. should I know

D. but I knew

答案：A

详解：应选A项。

此句为虚拟语气，如果条件从句中包含有一个助动词，可把if省略，这时助动词应放在主语前面。

句意为：要是我知道这件事情对你如此之难，我就不会鼓励你进入这个领域。

15.Reading is to the mind _____ food is to the body.

A. what

B. that

C. similar

D. which

答案：A

详解：应选A项。

what是关系代词，A is to B what C is to D，A对于B之间的关系犹如C对于D。

句意为：读书对于大脑来说就像食物对于身体一样。

16.Jane's _____ for gardening is evident by all of these beautiful flowers.

A. acquaintance

B. familiarity

C. achievement

D. enthusiasm

答案：D

详解：应选D项。

enthusiasm热衷，狂热，acquaintance相识，familiarity熟悉，achievement成就，功绩。

句意为：从这些漂亮的花可以明显看出简对园艺的热衷。

17.In the 1850's Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" became the best seller of the generation, _____ a host of imitators.

A. inspiring

B. inspired

C. inspired by

D. to inspire

答案：A

详解：应选A项。分词短语做状语。句意为：19世纪50年代，斯托的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》成为30年来的畅销书，因而激起了一大群伪造者。

18.They have made a _____ plan to build a suspension bridge over the river.

A. bald

B. bound

C. bold

D. bare

答案：C

详解：应选C项。

bold大胆的，bald光秃的，bound被束缚了的，bare赤裸的;无遮盖的。

句意为：他们已做出了一个大胆的计划要在这条河上建一所吊桥。

19.Her humorous remarks seemed _____, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.

A. precise

B. blank

C. spontaneous

D. bold

答案：C

详解：应选C项。spontaneous自发的;自然产生的，precise精确的;准确的，blank空白的;空着的，bold大胆的。

句意为：她的幽默的评论看起来好像很自然，但是实际上是事先认真准备好的。

20.Are there any other factors that might affect the development of a child _____ education and innate inability?

A. apart from

B. away from

C. far from

D. but for

答案：A

详解：应选A项。apart from 除……之外，away from 远离，far from 远非，but for 要不是。

句意为：除了教育和先天的不足，还有什么其他因素会影响一个孩子的发展?

二、阅读理解

Where do pesticides(杀虫剂fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?

We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.

Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs," says a wise physician, Dr.Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."

21. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man, ... is part of nature."(Line 3,Para.1)?

A. Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.

B. Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.

C. Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.

D. Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection.

答案: B

详解：B)。词汇题。答题关键在于正确理解"like to pretend the contrary"几个词的含义，这几个词字面原意为：喜欢假装相反。把它与原句结合起来看，这一句的意思是：人类，尽管常常表现得恰好相反，却是自然的一部分。据此句意来套四个选择项，就可看出B)(人类表现得好像他不属于自然是正确答案。

22. What is the author's attitude towards the environmental effects of pesticides?

A. Pessimistic.

B. Indifferent.

C. Defensive.

D. Concerned.

答案: D

详解：D)。观点题。本文就作者对杀虫剂的环境后果的态度提问。纵观全文可知，作者在文中一一描述了杀虫剂明显和潜在的两方面危险，提醒人们重视其缓慢的长期效应，可见作者对这一问题是“关切的”D)项)，而非是“漠不关心的”B)项)。同时，作者在文中并未悲天悯人，认为杀虫剂的危害已不可救药，所以A)项“悲观的”也不符合题意。而C)项“防御性的”，在文中并无根据，因为在文中作者并未提出该怎样解决杀虫剂的环境后果问题，因此只有D)是最符合题意的正确答案。

23. In the author's view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides _____.

A. is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides

B. now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths

C. has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention

D. is unavoidable because people can't do without pesticides in farming

答案: A

详解：A)。推断题。本题的答案主要见于第二段。从"But this is not the major problem".(但这并不是主要问题及"..., we must be more concerned with the delayed effects...，(我们必须更关切由于小剂量地吸收无形中污染了我们世界的杀虫剂而造成的延迟的后果”我们可从中推断出作者认为“由于大剂量吸入杀虫剂而突然致死”还不是最糟糕的情况，故A)是正确的。而B)、C)、D)项的内容在文中均未提及，所以无法判断是否是作者的观点，因而不能入选正确答案。

24. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because _____.

A. limited exposure to them does little harm to people's health

B. the present is more important for them than the future

C. the danger does not become apparent immediately

D. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning

答案: C

详解：C)。推断题。本题可用筛选法，一一排除错误答案。人们容易忽视吸入有毒化学物质所带来的延迟后果，到底是因为什么呢?先看A)：有限的吸收不会给人类健康带来危害。根据第三段内容可知，有毒化学物质的生物效果是累积的，而且累积越多，危险越大，因此，即使是有限的吸收，也会有潜伏的危险，可见A)项内容错误。同样D)项“人类能经受住小剂量有毒物质危害”显然也不对。再看B)：现在比将来重要。根据最后一段第三句，人类的本性是会忽略将来的危险的，但这并不等于说现在就更重要，所以B)项也没有正确解释本题中的原因。只有C)项“危险并没有立刻显示出来”，符合原文意旨，特别是最后一句的句意，所以C)是正确答案。

25. It can be concluded from Dr.Dubos'remarks that _____.

A. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with

B. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal

C. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure

D. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides

答案: D

详解：D。推断题。本题关键在于正确理解Dr.Dubos的评论。原句意为：人类很自然地最容易对那些具有征兆的疾病印象深刻，然而有些最致命的疾病却是慢慢地毫无察觉地击中他们的。据此句意，可以容易地推断出D)为正确答案。

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保单, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.

A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.

Consumers shoud complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo(立体声音响does not work."

The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers‘rights.

26.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to _____.

A. complain personally to the manager

B. threaten to take the matter to court

C. write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase

D. show some written proof of the purchase to the store

答案：D

解析：答案D.本题答案在原文第一句中可以找到。它的大意是：当顾客发现他(她所买的商品有毛病或在其他方面未达到制造商所声称的标准时，第一步就是将保单或其他有助于解决问题的记录这家商店看。所以D“向这家商店出示书面证明”，与原文相符，是正确答案。而A“当面向经理申诉”，是在第一步中问题得不到解决时才使用，所以它不是此题答案。B“威胁将此事向法庭上诉”是在经理未能解决问题，写信给厂家也未能解决问题时才使用的方法，所以它也不是解决问题的第一步。C“给商店写一封态度强硬的抱怨信”也是在第一步中问题得不到解决时才使用的。所以A、B、C均不是正确答案。

27.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to _____.

A. a shop assistant

B. the store manager

C. the manufacturer

D. a public organization

答案：B

解析：答案B.此题源于第二段。作者认为许多消费者使用的简单而又常用的办法是直接向商店经理投诉。

28.The most effective complaint can be made by _____.

A. showing the faulty item to the manufacturer

B. explaining exactly what is wrong with the item

C. saying firmly that the item is of poor quality

D. asking politely to change the item

答案：B

解析：答案B.原文第四段的大意是：当顾客申诉商品有质量问题时，态度要坚定、有礼貌，特别是如果消费者当场演示就能最有效地达到申诉目的。不能当场演示时也要提出比较具体的质量间题。A、C、D三项都是泛泛地说质量差、有毛病，而没能说出该商品哪一个具体的部位有毛病，所以都不是最有效的解决问题的办法。而B项“准确解释商品哪里有问题”与原文相符，是正确答案。

29.The phrase "live up to" (Para. 1, Line 2.in the context means _____.

A. meet the standard of

B. realize the purpose of

C. fulfil the demands of

D. keep the promise of

答案：A

解析：答案A.live up to所在句子的意思是：“当顾客发现他所购买的商品有毛病或在某种程度上没有达到制造商所声称的标准时，…”。B项“实现(制造商所声称的目的”，句意不通;C项“满足(制造商所声称的要求”;D项“履行(制造商所声称的承诺”，C、D两项均与原文意思不符。而A项“达到(制造商所声称的标准”正是原文所表达的意思，所以是正确答案。

30.Tthe passage tells us _____.

A. how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item

B. how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item

C. how to avoid buying a faulty item

D. how to deal with complaints from customers

答案：B

解析：答案B.从全文看，作者向读者推荐了几种申诉伪劣商品的办法，可见作者是站在顾客的立场上的。而A、D两项是站在卖方的立场;C项在文章中未提到，所以它们都不是正确答案。B项“如何有效地申诉有质量问题的商品”与原文意思相符是此题答案。

What is exactly a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you, you say: I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself. In fact, you are not short of money, but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?

A scientific study of lying shows women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie" such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researches show that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the same time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying I wish I were somewhere else now.

31. This passage tells us that _____.

A. telling lies is often necessary in order to avoid being defeated

B. telling lies is often bad because people ought not to be dishonest

C. telling lies is sometimes necessary in order not to hurt someone else's feelings

D. telling lies is not bad at all in most cases

[答案] C

【解析】第一段作者举的例子，可以得出C“有时为了不伤害其他人的感情说谎是必须的”正确。其它选项的信息在文中没有明确出现。

32. In Paragraph 2, the sentence "Women are better liars than men do." probably means _____.

A. women are better at telling lies than men

B. women liars are better accepted than men

C. women have a better intention when telling lies

D. women tell fewer lies than men do

[答案] C

【解析】从第二段作者举例可知女人更爱说"white lie"，即善意的谎言，而男人更有可能说一些严重的谎话。所以C选项“女人说谎时有较好的意图”符合原文。A选项说的太笼统，女人仅在说"white lie"时比男人擅长，而说"serious lie"则不及男人;B、D选项所给信息并未在文中出现。

33. A "white lie" means _____.

A. a lie that is completely unbelievable

B. a lie that is told with a good will

C. a lie that is always believable

D. a lie that often has an evil purpose

[答案] B

【解析】"white lie"的意思是善意的谎言，从文中第二段女人说谎所举的例子也可以推断出B选项“带有善意所说的谎”为正确答案。

34. Politicians and businessmen are supposed to be skilled at telling the kind of lies _____.

A. from which they may gain some advantages

B. that seems to be believable

C. that women are most likely to believe

D. with which they can have better relationship with others

[答案] A

【解析】第二段最后一句“政治家和商人尤其擅长说这种谎话，即可从这些谎言中赚钱或获利。”而A选项“他们或许可以从中赢得一些好处”与之相一致。

35. It can be concluded from the passage that _____.

A. there is a simple way of finding out if someone is lying

B. from some ways people behave we can know they are lying

C. certain emotions are proof of lying

D. in some situations women are most likely to think businessmen are dishonest

[答案] B

【解析】第三段第一句“对人们行为举止的研究表明：当人们说谎时，会以大量不起眼的、表面上不重要的方式改变自己的举止”为主题句，文章所得出的结论为B选项“从人们的一些行为举止，我们能够知道他们在说谎”，与主题句相一致。

How can we get rid of garbage? Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?

These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source, and at the same time it can save the land to hold garbage.

For a long time, people buried garbage or dumped(倾倒it on empty land. Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. However, garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil(化石fuels. As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.

Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half mil- lion barrels of oil.

Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of gar-bage piling up on the earth.

36.What two problems can man solve by burning garbage?

A.The shortage of energy and air pollution.

B.The shortage of energy and the land to hold garbage.

C.Air pollution and the shortage of fossil fuel.

D.Air pollution and the shortage of land to hold garbage.

答案：B

37.Which of the following is not the result of burning garbage?

A.The garbage burned is turned into fossil fuels.

B.The heat produced is used to boil water.

C.The steam produced is used to make electricity.

D.The steam produced is used to heat buildings.

答案：A

38.According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?

A.About 2 million metric tons of garbage is burned in some power plants in Pads, France each year.

B.In a modem society, more and more garbage is produced each year.

C.Using garbage is a good way to solve the problem of energy shortage.

D.It will be too expensive to use garbage as an energy source.

答案：D

39.What is the author's attitude?

A.Delighted.

B.Sad.

C.Agreeing.

D.Disagreeing.

答案：C

40.The best title for the passage may be

A.Garbage and the Earth

B.Fossil Fuel and Garbage

C.Land and Garbage

D.Garbage--Energy Source

答案：D

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