2018年下半年成人学位英语备考试题及答案(14)

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Part I Use of Language (10 minutes)

Directions: There are 10 incomplete dialogues in this part. For each dialogue there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

1. — What’s the noise? It sounds as if it comes from upstairs.

— __________. It must be the window-cleaner working next door.

A) I’m not sure B) I hope not

C) I’d rather not D) I don’t think so

2. — David injured his leg while playing football yesterday.

— Really? ________?

A) Who did that B) What’s wrong with him

C) How did that happen D) Why was he so careless

3.— Must I be home before seven?

— _________.

A) No, you needn’t B) No, you mustn’t

C) Yes, you will D) No, you won’t

4. — I was worried about my maths, but Mr. Brown gave me an A.

— ________

A) Don’t worry about it. B) Mr. Brown is very good.

C) Congratulations! That’s a difficult course. D) Good luck to you!

5. — Thanks for your help.

— ________.

A) Never mind B) My pleasure

C) Quite right D) Don’t thank me

6. — Hello, I’m Harry Potter.

— Hello, my name is Charles Green, but ________.

A) call my Charles B) call me at Charles

C) call Charles me D) call me Charles

7. —I’m sorry to trouble you. Can I borrow a pen, please?

— ________.

A) Yes, you may B) Certainly! Here it is

C) She’s welcome D) Thank you

8. — I was born in Boston, but I studied in New York. ________?

— I was born in New York, but studied in Boston.

A) And you B) Do you

C) Where were you D) What do you do

9. — Excuse me, could you show me the way to the nearest post office?

— ________ Oh yes! Two blocks away from here at the Green Avenue. You can’t miss it.

A) I beg your pardon? B) Mm, let me think.

C) You’re welcome. D) What do you mean?

10. —When are you going to the show?

— __________.

A) Last night. B) The day before yesterday

C) This evening D) Yesterday.

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

More than half of the world’s population live in cities. Traffic and pollution are becoming big problems in big cities all over the world. In cities like Mexico City, Shanghai or Cairo the quality of air is getting worse every day. In the United States, people spend more time sitting in traffic jams.

Some of the world’s cities have already found the answer to the problem. In Bogota, the capital of Columbia, the government has taken measures to improve the quality of life for the city’s 8 million people. They created over a thousand new parks, a new public transport system, and built hundreds of cycling and walking paths. People who live in the city also joined in making their city one of the most livable places in South America.

Today city planners around the world are looking for ways to provide more room for living and less room for cars. In America, public transport has increased over 2 % since the mid 1990s — not much but a start. More and more people leave their cars at home and get on buses, trains or even ride a bike to work. Some cities are far better at planning than others. In Amsterdam, for example, only 40 % of the population use their cars to get to work, 35 % ride bikes while 25% use public transport. In Paris, about half of the city’s workers drive their cars to work.

For cities in developing countries, the problems have just started. Traffic is getting worse as more and more people can afford to buy a car.

11. The writer listed Mexico City, Shanghai and Cairo as examples of cities of ______.

A) heavy traffic B) air pollution

C) rapid development D) large population

12. What does the sentence (para.1) “people spend more time sitting in traffic jams.” mean?

A) Time-consuming on road is longer than ever before.

B) More time is spent in cars than other daily routine.

C) People spend more time sitting in cars than out-of car activities.

D) traffic jams will be getting worse in the future.

13. What did Bogota do to improve the quality of life for its people?

A) It shut down some factories in the city.

B) It introduced a foreign public transport system.

C) It encouraged people to plant trees in the city.

D) It built new parks and a new public transport system.

14. From the third paragraph, we can learn that _______.

A) 35% of the population in Paris ride bikes to work

B) half of the people in Amsterdam drive their cars to work

C) a quarter of the people in Amsterdam use public transport

D) American public transport has increased much since the 1990s

15. What would be the best title of the text?

A) Ways to solve traffic jams

B) New changes in transport systems

C) People’s new choice in big cities

D) Parks instead of cars for cities

Passage Two

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

Stepfamilies are commonplace in the United States and their number continues to grow. While stepfamilies differ widely in their make-up, they all consist of a parenting couple and children, one or more of whom is of a previous union. Such combinations of his kids, her kids, and then, possibly, kids of the new union make for complicated and often trying difficulties, more challenging than those of traditional families.

Since stepfamilies involve more people and, consequently, more potential problems from the start than do childless new marriage, it is wise for the couple to do some careful planning prior to marriage. Not only do the prospective (预期的) marital partners need agreement about their own carriers, life goals, finance and special interests, they must also prepare for new relationship with their children and attempt to accommodate their individual needs and feelings. Furthermore， there are often the rights of other relatives to consider.

As for any family, the basic ingredients (成分) of a successful stepfamily are affection, kindness and mutual respect. However, love alone is not enough. Certainly love is the cornerstone upon which the foundation of any family is built, but there are also many other important ingredients involved in building a successful stepfamily.

Surveys reveal that successful families regard the ability to communicate openly as the most important factor in their success. Communication is what keeps families on track and functioning as a unit. Although healthy communication is easier for some people than for others， this skill can be learned and improved. Healthy communication involves speaking clearly and listening carefully.

Planning and building a stepfamily is not a responsibility to take lightly. It can be a very trying and, at times, seemingly impossible effort. Many potential troubles can arise and threaten to destroy the stepfamily. Nevertheless, meeting and mastering these special challenges can bring unexpected satisfactions and rewarding depths of family closeness and affection.

16. According to the passage, there are _______ in the United States.

A) more stepfamilies than the regular families

B) more stepfamilies than ever before

C) fewer stepfamilies than ever before

D) fewer stepfamilies than traditional ones

17. Which of the following can help avoid the potential problems arising in a stepfamily?

A) The pursuit of the same careers.

B) Professional interventions.

C) The development of special interests.

D) Careful planning before the marriage.

18. Many people believe that ______ contributes most to the building of a successful stepfamily.

A) everlasting loyalties B) open communication

C) kindness and mutual respect D) persistent affection

19. It is natural for a stepfamily to be _______.

A) complicated B) unrealistic

C) ambitious D) guilty

20. According to the author, planning and building a stepfamily is ______.

A) challenging and impossible B) satisfying and rewarding

C) discouraging and frustrating D) a difficult and trying experience

Passage Three

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to a research at Carnegie Mellon University.

Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.

Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were completely contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.

The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may explain the drop in well-being, researchers assumed. Faceless, bodiless “virtual” communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed though it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.

“But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology itself; it’s about how it is used.” says psychologist Christine Riley or Intel, one of the study’s sponsors (发起人). “It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.”

21. It can be learned from the passage that ________.

A) people use the Internet less frequently than before

B) people having bad feelings spend more time on the Internet

C) the Internet makes its users psychologically healthy

D) Internet use may cause its users’ depression

22. The fact that the Internet proved less socially healthy than television ________.

A) was a puzzle the researchers had solved B) was what the researchers had expected

C) went against the researchers’ expectation D) was well understood by the researchers

23. According to the passage one of the possible reasons why Internet use leads to a decline in its users’ well-being is that ________.

A) people can’t establish lasting relationships with others on the Internet

B) Internet users spend less time with their friends and families

C) Internet users can’t get satisfaction from the Internet

D) the Internet prevents its users from communicating with their families

24. In the last paragraph Christine Riley points out that as to the decline in Internet users’ well-being, ________.

A) it is no fault of the technology itself

B) the Net itself should take responsibility for it

C) the technology itself should be held responsible

D) the blame lies with Internet users

25. It is suggested in discussing problems caused by Internet use that _______.

A) a wider range of services should be made available

B) Internet users should spend less time on the Internet

C) social factors should be considered in devising applications for technology

D) Internet users should have more conversation with their friends

Passage Four

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind. According to recent polls, sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy. Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness. It is not predictable, nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings.

A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs.

The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes. People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunities to control their lives. Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education.

Poor health does not rule out happiness except for the severely disabled or those in pain. Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to happiness. Those who have good relationship with other family members are happier than those who live alone. Love has a higher correlation with happiness than any other factors.

It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have, and they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level no matter where it stands at a given time. Children whose parents were happily married have happier childhoods, but are not necessarily happier adults.

The best formula (准则) for happiness is to be able to develop AQ (Adversity Quotient that can be of great benefit when running into trouble), to have a personal involvement and commitment, and to develop self-confidence and self-esteem.

26. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.

A) happiness is neither predictable nor apparent

B) a person in an apparently ideal situation must be happy

C) the rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group

D) happiness is not necessarily connected to one’s situation in society

27. According to the article, happiness is greatly dependent upon _______.

A) a happy childhood in which one can do whatever he likes

B) great wealth with which one can buy anything

C) a feeling that conditions are becoming for the better

D) a college degree that can help one achieve great success

28. The letters AQ in the last paragraph most probably mean _______.

A) ambition to defeat others in a severe competition

B) ability to overcome difficulty and get out of embarrassing situation

C) methods of solving difficult problems and challenges in life

D) attitudes towards severe competition especially in trouble

29. The passage mainly talks about ________.

A) the formula for happiness

B) high income and happiness

C) the factors that contribute to happiness

D) the contribution happy people make to society

30. The best title of this passage may be _______.

A) What Does Happiness Consist in

B) Happiness and Unhappiness

C) Different Kinds of Happiness

D) Causes of Happiness and Unhappiness

Part III Vocabulary and Structure (25 minutes)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.

31. Only recently _______ possible to separate the components of fragrant substances and to determine their chemical composition.

A) it becomes B) having become

C) has it become D) which becomes

32. The map is one of the best tools a man has _______ he goes to a new place.

A) whenever B) whatever

C) wherever D) however

33. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better _______ silent.

A) remain B) be remaining

C) having remained D) to remain

34. There is much truth in the idea _______ kindness is usually served by frankness.

A) why B) which

C) that D) whether

35. Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to______ of McDonald's.

A) those B) ones

C) any D) all

36. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or______ his job.

A) quits B) to quit

C) quitting D) quit

37. The club, _______ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.

A) founded B) founding

C) being founded D) to be founded

38. If you are in trouble, Jack is always willing to a hand

A) shake B) lend

C) wave D) want

39. Mike was usually so careful, ______this time he made a small mistake.

A) yet B) still

C) even D) thus

40. Had they known what was coming next, they________ second thoughts.

A) may have B) could have

C) must have had D) might have had

41. Only with the greatest of luck _______ to escape from the rising flood waters.

A) managed she B) she managed

C) did she manage D) she did manage

42. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _______ you received gifts?

A) which B) them

C) that D) whom

43. Many Europeans ______ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.

A) exploded B) explored

C) exploited D) expanded

44. It is generally acknowledged that pupils who pass the test will be ______ to the next grade.

A) promoted B) proceeded

C) progressed D) proposed

45. Franklin's ability to learn from observations and experience ______ greatly to his success in public life.

A) attributed B) contributed

C) attached D) related

46. I am angry because I hate people who ______ end of a film that you haven't seen before.

A) reveal B) recover

C) revise D) review

47. Our company decided to ______ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.

A) cancel B) resist

C) assume D) destroy

48. If you want to know the detail of train schedule, please ______ at the booking office.

A) acquire B) inquire

C) request D) require

49. Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't ______ so much noise.

A) resist B) sustain

C) tolerate D) undergo

50. I hope that you'll be more careful in typing the letter. Don't ______ anything.

A) withdraw B) leak

C) reduce D) omit

51. While she was in Paris, she developed a for fine art.

A) way B) relation

C) taste D) habit

52. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ______.

A) hurt B) damaged

C) spoiled D) harmed

53. There were beautiful clothes ______ in the shop windows.

A) spread B) located

C) exposed D) displayed

54. American women were ______ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.

A) ignored B) neglected

C) refused D) denied

55. It is predicted that heavy rains are ______ to flood the area in a few days.

A) frightening B) threatening

C) scattering D) warning

Part IV Translation (20 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 20 minutes to translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

The last decade has witnessed a significant improvement in China’s economy and living standards as well as a negative effect brought about by an increasingly unhealthy and stressful lifestyle such as often eating junk food, overdue working frequently, staying up late at night and seldom doing exercises. We are doomed (注定) to physical and mental exhaustion as well as damaged health with too much work and stress. For example, many people are content to communicate via emails and social media, unaware that these are actually eating into their time every day. It is a social problem to be considered by modern people not to underestimate the severity of the problem, but to seek an appropriate way to relieve stress and never let it ruin our sense of happiness.

Part V Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled “Two Sides of Smart Phones”. You should write at least 120 words based on the following outlines given in Chinese.

Two Sides of Smart Phones

1. 智能手机变得越来越流行

2. 智能手机的优点和可能带来的一些问题

3. 我的看法

【参考答案】

Part I Use of Language (10 points)

1-5 DCACB 6-10 DBABC

Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)

11-15 BADCD 16-20 BDBAD 21-25 DCBAC 26-30 BADCC

Part III Vocabulary and Structure (25 points)

31-35 CADCA 36-40 DABAD 41-45 CDBAB 46-50 AABCD 51-55 CCDDB

Part IV Translation (10 points)

近十年来，中国的经济和生活水平虽然有了显著提升，但越来越不健康和充满压力的生活方式也带来负面影响，如：经常吃垃圾食品，超时工作，熬夜和极少体锻。我们注定会因太多的工作和压力而身心疲惫、健康受损。比如，许多人满足于通过邮件和微信进行交流，却没有意识到这些每天都在蚕食他们的时间并影响家庭成员的正常沟通。不低估这个问题的严重性，寻找合适的方式缓解压力，不让压力损害幸福感，是现代人需要考虑的一个社会问题。

Part V Writing (15 points)

Two Sides of Smart Phones

With the development of modern technology and the improvement of our living standard, smart phones are available to many of us. In fact, they have become indispensable to our daily contact with others.

No sensible man will deny that smart phones provide us with easy access to various sources of information and a new platform to convey ideas and make friends. However, it might give rise to some problems as well. For example, spending too much time using smart phones with little face-to-face communication with others might isolate users from the society, which might make them socially inadequate. Also, in a sedentary society, staring at smart phones with few physical exercises will be physically detrimental to users.

In my view, smart phones make it easy for people to show their ideas and exchange personal experiences. However, people should adjust the time and avoid spending too much time on smart phones. After all, being addicted to smart phones does harm both to their health and mind.

(165 words)