2014年自考英语一课堂笔记之unit6(2)

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　　16.crush v. 压碎;镇压，压倒

　　The machine can crush rocks into powder.〔那台机器能把石头碾成粉末。〕

　　You must remember poverty should not crush one's spirit.〔你必须记住不应该因贫困而意志消沉。〕

　　We didn't expect that they would crush us into this tiny room.〔我们没有料到他们会让我们挤在这个小房间里。〕

　　Can you imagine that debts are crushing them?〔你能想像到债务正压得他们喘不过气来吗?〕

　　17. destroy v. 破坏，毁灭;消灭

　　Several buildings were destroyed by the bomb.〔几座建筑物都被炸弹炸毁了。〕

　　He destroyed the letter as soon as he had read it.〔他一读完就把信毁了。〕

　　I really don't want to destroy the friendship between us.〔我真不想毁坏我们之间的友谊。〕

　　The loss of his wife and son finally destroyed him.〔失去妻儿最终击败了他。〕

　　This poison can destroy rats.〔这种毒药可灭鼠。〕

　　18. impressive adj.给人深刻印象的，感人的

　　impression n. 印象

　　impress v. 给…极深的印象

　　She is trying to build an impressive international reputation.〔她正努力建立令人难忘的国际声誉。〕

　　She said that all the places she had visited in China were impressive.〔她说她所游览过的中国的每一个地方都给她留下了深刻的印象。〕

　　What are your impressions of Beijing?〔你对北京有何观感?〕

　　I had the impression that he was a teacher.〔我记得他好像是个老师。〕

　　What impressed me most were the great changes in this city.〔给我印象最深的是这座城市的巨大变化。〕

　　She wants to impress her new boss with her diligence.(她想以勤奋加深老板对她的印象。)

　　19. experience n 经验;经历　　　　v. 经历，遭受

　　experienced adj. 有经验的

　　With no teaching experience my chances of getting the job are slight.〔我没有教学经验，得到这份工作的可能性很小。〕

　　He is a man of rich experience.〔他是一个经验丰富的人。〕

　　Everyone can learn a lot from his own experience.〔每一个人都从自己的经历中学到很多东西。〕

　　His experience in the country could be used as material for his writing.〔他在农村的经历可以作为他的写作素材。〕

　　He experienced a lot of hardships when he was abroad.〔他在国外时经历了许多艰辛。〕

　　We need someone more experienced to help us.〔我们需要更有经验的人来帮助我们。〕

　　He is more experienced than I am in planting trees.〔在植树方面他比我有经验。〕

　　20. immediately adv. 即刻地;紧密地

　　immediate adj. 立刻的;最接近的

　　He said he had to go to the hospital immediately.〔他说他得立即去医院。〕

　　She finished one cup of coffee and asked for another immediately.〔她喝完一杯咖啡马上又要了一杯。〕

　　The post office is immediately next to the bank.〔邮局紧挨着银行。〕

　　You have to give them an immediate reply.〔你得立刻答复他们。〕

　　It is necessary that you get the support from your immediate superior.〔你必须得到顶头上司的支持。〕

　　本课主要构词法

　　affixation(词缀法)

　　1.形容词后缀 -ful　　　　beautiful，useful，

　　2.形容词后缀 -ive　　　　impressive

　　3.形容词后缀 -y　　　 　greasy

　　4.名词后缀 -ation　　　　combination，formation

　　5.名词后缀 -ure　　 　　pressure

　　6.名词后缀 -y　　　 　discovery

　　7.名词后缀 -er　　　 　traveler，miner

　　8.名词后缀 -ful　　　 　handful

　　9.副词后缀 -ly　　　 　finally，probably，immediately，carefully，

　　10.副词后缀 -ward　　 　upward

　　课文简介

　　本课主要介绍了钻石的特性、形成、分布以及开采方式。读了本课，你会了解钻石的形成与数百万年前的地壳运动有关;你也会了解深受上至达官贵人下至普通百姓喜爱的“恒久远”的钻石在刚开采出来时并不光彩照人。

　　本课语言点

　　1. They are the hardest substance found in nature.

　　本句中found in nature是定语从句，修饰substance.定语从句中省略了that are.这种省略现象在定语从句中很常见，在前几个单元中，我们遇到过多次。请看下面的句子：

　　1) There are many books (that) I'd like to read. (有很多书我想看。)

　　2) He is a man (that) we all like and trust. (他是一个我们大家喜欢和信赖的人。)

　　3) This is the most interesting film (that) I have ever seen. (这是我看过的最有意思的电影)

　　先行词的前面有形容词最高级时，定语从句必须用that引导，而不用which.请看下面的句子：

　　1) This is the most beautiful place (that) I have ever visited. (这是我游览过的最美丽的地方。)

　　2) This is the most serious problem (that) we have ever met. (这是我们遇到过的最严重的问题。)

　　3) They are the richest people (that are) living in this area. (他们是住在这一地区的最富有的人。)

　　本句中的hardest意思为“坚硬的”“坚固的”，而不是“困难的”。请看下面的句子：

　　1) This nut is as hard as rock. (这果子硬得像岩石。)

　　2) He found it hard to make friends. (他觉得交朋友很困难。)

　　2. That means a diamond can cut any other surface. And only another diamond can make a slight cut in a diamond.

　　mean是一个很常见的词，本句中的意思是“意味着”。mean还有“意欲，企图，打算”的意思。请看下面的句子，注意mean在各句中的意思和用法：

　　1) What do you mean by saying this to me? (你对我说这个是什么意思?)

　　2) Friendship means everything to him. (友谊对他来说意味着一切。)

　　3) The teacher's praise meant so much to the children. (老师的表扬对孩子们来说很重要。)

　　4) I'm serious about this. I mean what I say. (我对此事是认真的，我说话算数。)

　　5) I'm sorry， I didn't mean to hurt you. (对不起，我无意伤害你。)

　　6) They meant to finish the work ahead of time. (他们的打算是提前完成这项工作。)

　　7) I meant to call you but I forgot. (我原打算给你打电话的，但我忘记了。)

　　cut在前一个句子中做动词用，意思是“切割”，在后一个句子中做名词用，意思是“切面”。

　　1) Who will cut the ribbon for the exhibition? (谁将为展览会剪彩?)

　　2) I am going to have my hair cut today. (今天我要去理发。)

　　3) The icy wind cut him to the bone. (他感到寒风刺骨。)

　　4) The old man is cutting a figure in stone. (那位老人正在雕刻石像。)

　　5) I had some cuts and bruises on my arms， but I'm ok. (我的臂上有些伤口和擦伤，但我没什么问题。)

　　6) He made a smooth cut on the marble. (他在大理石上留下一个光滑的切面。)

　　3. Diamonds are made from carbon.

　　由……制成，可以用be made from和be made of两个词组来表达。但是be made from通常指制成品已看不出原材料是什么，而be made of可以看出该物品由什么材料制成的。如：

　　1) Paper is made from some plants. (纸是由某些植物制成的。)

　　2) This beer is made from grain. (这种啤酒是用粮食酿制的。)

　　3) The houses were made of brick. (这些房屋是砖造的。)

　　4) This toy is made of cotton. (这个玩具是布做的。)

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