2014年自考英语一课堂笔记之unit4(2)

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　　15. refer v. ( to ) 提到，涉及;参考，查阅;把…归到…上;使向…请教;有关联

　　reference n. 参考;提及;关联

　　The whole thing is finished now， please don't refer to it.(整个事情都结束了，不要再提了。)

　　He often refers to a dictionary for the spelling and meaning of a word.(他常常翻词典查阅词的拼写和意思。)

　　He referred to her former classmates for her character.(他向她以前的同学询问她的品行。)

　　He referred his defeat to poor health.(他把自己的失败归因于身体不好。)

　　She referred me to Prof. Wang for detailed information.(他叫我去王教授那儿询问详情。)

　　The doctor referred her to a heart specialist.(医生嘱咐她转诊于一位心脏病老师。)

　　These answers are for reference only.(这些答案仅供参考。)

　　His play is full of references to the political events of those days.(他的剧本涉及当时的许多政治事件。)

　　16. relate v. ( to ) 有关联;叙述，讲述

　　related adj. 有关的，相关的

　　relation n. 关系，联系

　　He related the story vividly to the whole class.(他向全班同学生动地讲述了那个故事。)

　　I don't understand how the result related to / with the cause.(我不理解结果和原因如何关联。)

　　If you want me to do this， you have to give me all the related material.(如果你想让我做这件事，你得把所有相关的材料给我。)

　　Don't worry too much about them， they have very good relations.(别太为他们担心，他们的关系很好。)

　　The two countries have established trade relations.(两国建立了贸易关系。)

　　17. accurately adv. 准确地，精确地

　　accurate adj. 准确的，精确的

　　accuracy n. 准确，精确

　　Remember that you have to do this work carefully and accurately.(记住，这项工作得做得细心而准确。)

　　Right now I cannot give you a very accurate estimate.(现在我不能给你一个非常准确的估计。)

　　He required that the typing should be done with great accuracy.(他要求打字必须十分准确。)

　　18. memorize v. 熟记，记住

　　Our English teacher asked us to memorize the words we learned today.(我们英语老师要求我们熟记今天所学的英语单词。)

　　It is no easy thing for me to memorize all these telephone numbers.(熟记这些电话号码对我来说真不是一件容易的事情。)

　　19. repeat v. 重复 repetition n. 重复

　　I didn't quite catch what you said just now. Will you please repeat it?(我没有听清你刚才说的话，请你重复一遍，好吗?)

　　We cannot repeat our mistakes.(我们不能重复自己的错误。)

　　Repetition is necessary in language teaching and learning.(重复在语言教学中是必要的。)

　　He memorized his lines after many repetitions.(经过多次重复他终于熟记了台词。)

　　20. preserve v. 保护，维持;保存

　　You will soon be near-sighted if you don't preserve your eyesight from now.(如果你不从现在起保护视力，你很快会近视的。)

　　What do you think the United Nations can do in preserving world peace?(你觉得联合国能为维护世界和平做些什么?)

　　Deep freezing is the simplest way of preserving food.(深冻是保藏食品最简便的方法。)

　　词缀法

　　1. 名词后缀 -ation; tion; sion

　　organization，visualization，information，preservation，integration，

　　relation，association，repetition，separation，addition

　　2. 动词后缀 -ize

　　organize，memorize，visualize，categorize，familiarize

　　3. 名词后缀 -ence

　　reference，difference

　　4. 名词后缀 -ity

　　similarity，familairity

　　本课简介

　　本课介绍了在如何增强记忆方面心理学所做的研究。信息的意义，组织，联想和想像是有助于记忆的几个基本原则。如何运用这些基本原则呢?课文对此一一作了介绍，条理十分清楚。学了本课，相信会有收获。

　　本课语言点

　　1. Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.

　　research 在本句中做名词，这个词也可以做动词用。请看下面的例句，注意research的词类和用法：

　　1) An excellent piece of research won him the international prize.(一项出色的研究使他获得了国际大奖。)

　　2) Research shows that the potential of man's brain is limitless.(研究表明人脑的潜力是无限的。)

　　3) Much research has been done on / into diseases of blood.(在血液病方面人们做了很多的研究。)

　　4) Scientists have been researching on / into the causes of brain damage.(科学家们一直对脑损伤的起因进行研究。)

　　5) They felt very much disappointed as they had been researching for three years but with no result.(做了三年的研究而没有任何结果，他们感到很失望。)

　　focus on 是一个常用词组，意思是“集中”，在生词部分已作了较为详细的讲解，在此，请翻译几个句子：

　　1) 他今天准是累了，他无法把注意力集中在工作上。(He must be very tired today， he just couldn't focus his attention to his work.)

　　2) 她觉得很不自在，因为所有的目光都注视着她。(She felt very uneasy as all eyes were focused on her.)

　　3) 这本书着重谈了中东的形势。(This book focuses on the situation in the Middle East.)

　　a number of 的意思是“许多”。请看下面的例句，注意a number of 和the number of 的区别：

　　1) A number of factories have been shut down because of pollution problems.(由于污染问题许多工厂被关闭了。)

　　2) A number of students have handed in their application forms.(许多学生都递交了申请表。)

　　3) The number of students in our school increases every year.(我们学校的学生人数每年都在增加。)

　　4) The number of passengers who were injured in the accident is still unknown.(在事故中受伤的乘客人数还不知道。)

　　2. It is useful to know how these principles work.

　　it 在句中做形式主语，真正的主语to know how these principles work，此类结构我们在第一和第二单元已有了解。请看下面的句子：

　　1) It is necessary to learn how to use the computer.(学会如何使用计算机很有必要。)

　　2) It is important to find out why the forest fire broke out.(找出森林大火的原因很重要。)

　　3) It is difficult to know what he is thinking about.(要想知道他在想什么很困难。)

　　work 在本句中的意思是“起作用;产生影响”，请翻译下面的句子：

　　1) The doctor said that the medicine would work.(医生说药会起作用的。)

　　2) They didn't think his plan would work.(他们认为他的计划行不通。)

　　3) They didn't expect that the teacher's encouragement would work such a change in him.(他们没有料到老师的鼓励会使他产生如此变化。)

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