2014年自考英语(一)考前要点复习:第十四单元(1)

　　Text A　The Importance of Being Kind and Polite

　　“Frankly， I think you're boring.” Why do we seldom hear people speak so honestly?

　　本句翻译：“公开跟你讲，我觉得你很讨厌。”为什么我们几乎听不到人们会这样非常直来直去的讲话呢?

　　seldom 很少，几乎不

　　Unless you want to end a relationship， you don't tell another person what you think of her or him like this.

　　本句翻译：除非你要终止与对方的关系，要不然你不会跟对方说出你对她或他有这种不好的想法。

　　unless (conj.)除非;如果不

　　For example： I shall go there unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我将去那里。

　　You will fail unless you work harder. 你若不更加努力，你就会失败。

　　end (finish)结束

　　Failing to be impressed by a friend's collection of stamps， yawning when a golfer tells you about that great shot he made on the 14th hole， or falling asleep when friends show pictures from their last trip to Sault Ste. Marie are all things that educated people try not to do.

　　本句翻译：对你的朋友集邮的成就无动于衷;当一个高尔夫球手兴兴高采烈地告诉你，他的第14穴打得很精彩时，你却在打哈欠;当你的朋友们兴致勃勃地给你看他们最近到苏圣玛丽去旅游拍下的那些照片时，你却酣然入睡了――这一切都是有教养的人所尽力避免的。

　　三个并列的动名次短语做句子的主语failing to be impressed…， yawning…， falling asleep…

　　failing to be impressed 没有记住…

　　yawning 打哈欠

　　falling asleep 睡觉

　　This is what manners are about： acting in a civilized way to avoid misunderstanding， friction， and conflict.

　　本句翻译：一切行动都按市民能接受的懂礼貌的方式去做，避免误会，避免磨擦，避免冲突――这才是合乎礼貌的言行举止(注：高尔夫球，海外华人称“穴”，国内称“洞”――译者注)。

　　manners 行为方式

　　in … way 以某种方式

　　There are no laws enforcing respect.

　　本句翻译：根本就没有强迫你来尊敬别人的那种法律。

　　Yet we cannot interact with others without some rules of behavior， rules that are set by some form of social consensus.

　　本句翻译： 可是，如果没有一定的道德行为的准则，人们互相间就无法交往了。这些准则是以社会上一致赞成的公德的形式确定下来的。

　　interact with others 彼此交流，彼此交往

　　without some rules… 相当于一个条件状语从句的否定式

　　These guidelines represent what a majority of people consider acceptable and what they consider unacceptable.

　　本句翻译： 这些道德行为准则代表着大多数人所能接受的和他们认为所不能接受的做法。

　　Rude people are those whose behavior shows little respect for the rules that the majority follow.

　　本句翻译：那些行为举止根本不尊重大多数人所遵守的规则的人都是粗野的人。

　　Show respect for 对…表示出尊重

　　follow 遵守，遵循

　　For instance， because they talk at home while the television is on， many people think they can talk at movies as well.

　　本句翻译：例如，因为许多人在自己家里一边看电视一边高谈阔论，他们就认为在电影院看电影时也可以高声喧哗。

　　for instance： for example 例如

　　on： go on 进行

　　They are not even aware that this habit will bother the other members of the audience.

　　本句翻译：他们甚至没意识到，这种习惯会使其他一些电影观众感到讨厌。

　　be aware that：意识到

　　members of the audience 观众

　　member 成员

　　Restaurants have smoking and non-smoking sections， and most smokers are polite enough to ask， “Do you mind if I smoke?” before lighting up.

　　本句翻译：饭店里都设有吸烟室和非吸烟区，大多数烟民在没点着香烟之前，都会很有礼貌的问一声在旁边就座的人：“我吸烟的话，您介意吗?”

　　non- 没有，无

　　before lighting up 点燃

　　Restaurants should also have cellular-phone and no-cellular-phone sections.

　　本句翻译：饭店里本来也都应该设有手提电话区和非手提电话区。

　　A new class of rude people has been born： the look-at-me phone users whose boring conversations are just as dangerous to our mental health as smoke is to our lungs.

　　本句翻译：现在又冒出来一群新的粗野人，即看我有多神气地打着手提电话的一族。这些人在电话上的那些无聊的谈话，对我们心理健康的危害，和吸烟对我们的肺部健康的危害是同样严重的。

　　class 阶层，群体

　　look-at-me 看看我

　　Sometimes， it is better to remain unknown than to make people hate you.

　　本句翻译：有时，做一个默默无闻的人倒比让人恨你、讨厌你更好一些。

　　There are many children and adolescents whose behavior is generally unacceptable.

　　本句翻译：有很多人家的子女和一些小青年的行为是一般人所不能接受的。

　　They swear no matter who is around them， they listen to their Walkmans while the teacher is talking to them.

　　本句翻译：他们动不动就开口骂人，也不管旁边有什么人在场。在教师同他们谈话时，他们还在听他们的随身听所播放的节目。

　　no matter不管/不论(后可跟who， when， where， how 等疑问代词或疑问副词引导的从句)

　　For example： No matter who you are， you should follow the guideline. 不管你是谁，你都应当遵守这个规则。

　　I am bound to work out the problem no matter how difficult it is. 不管这个问题有多难，我一定要把它解决掉。

　　Indifferent parents who refuse to discipline their children are not helping them.

　　本句翻译：凡是那些不能用行为道德准则来约束自己的孩子，对孩子的品德漠不关心的父母，其实并不是在爱护孩子，对孩子的成长没好处。

　　discipline： punish 惩罚

　　Kids who have no idea what being polite means will pay the price sooner or later.

　　本句翻译：凡是不懂礼貌为何物的孩子，是迟早要为此付出代价的。

　　kid 小孩子

　　have no idea： don't know 不知道

　　For example： He has no idea what his future will be. 他不知道自己的未来是个什么样子。

　　pay the price 付出代价

　　For example： You will pay the price for what you have done. 你要为你所做的事情付出代价。

　　sooner or later 迟早

　　For example： If you drive like that， you will have an accident sooner or later. 你如果那样开车，迟早会出事的。

　　When they join the work force， their employers and associates alike will soon realize that the behavior of these rude young people is closer to that of animals than civilized individuals.

　　本句翻译：在他们参加工作以后，他们的雇主和在工作中与之打交道的那些人都会一致意识到这些粗野的青年人的所作所为都和野兽的行为很接近，而不像规规矩矩的市民。

　　associate： colleague 同事

　　close (to) (adv.)接近于，靠近

　　When they lose a few contracts because they talk with their mouth full， or when they say “Bob” to someone who should be “Mr.Johnson，” these grown-up kids， because of their ignorance， will never understand why others are getting ahead and they are not.

　　本句翻译：当这些已经变成了成人的大小伙子，因为跟领导谈话时嘴里还嚼着食物，或者因为他们没大没小，把本应尊称为“约翰逊先生”的人，随便直呼其名为“鲍博”，这样几次被解除了合同之后，他们永远也不能理解为什么别人都跑到自己前头飞黄腾达，而自己却不能。

　　they talk with 该句型结构为：with +(n.)+(a.)构成的独立主格结构，在句中作状语，表示伴随。(名词后除可用形容词外，还可用分词<现在分词和过去分词、介词短语和副词。)

　　For example： He likes sleeping with his eyes open. 他喜欢睁着眼睛睡觉。

　　I won't be able to study abroad with my mother’s being ill. 在我母亲生病的情况下我不能出国留学。

　　He worked with the radio opened all the afternoon. 他一下午都听着收音机工作。

　　He was looking on with his hands in his pockets. 他把手插在口袋里在一旁观看。即：袖手旁观。

　　He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他穿着所有的衣服躺在床上。即：和衣而卧。

　　because of (介词短语)= because (连词)

　　For example： The football match was cancelled because of rain. 由于下雨足球比赛被取消了。

　　→The football match was cancelled because it rained.

　　get ahead 有进展;有进步;取得成功

　　For example： I'm happy to hear that you are getting ahead with your new work. 听说你的新工作取得进展，我很高兴。

　　grown-up 长大了的孩子

　　Every little bit of kindness helps.

　　本句翻译：每当你表现出一点点和蔼可亲都会很有帮助。

　　little bit of 一点点

　　With manners， the best rule is the one that works.

　　本句翻译：至于说有礼貌，最好的一条原则就是能办成事，能起好作用。

　　work (v.)起作用，产生影响，行得通

　　For example： The medicine worked. 药物奏效了。

　　It is easier to look and sound attractive when we are nice to other people.

　　本句翻译：当我们对待别人很友善，那么就比较容易地让人愿意接近你，愿意听你的话。

　　be nice to sb. ： be kind to sb.

　　Being polite and showing respect can give us an edge.

　　本句翻译：待人彬彬有礼，事事尊敬别人就能使我们占优势。

　　give sb. an/the edge 比…略胜一筹，领先

　　For example： He has the edge on the other students because he studies harder. 他比别的学生强，因为他学习更努力。

　　Why do we need an edge? Success in life often starts with a job we like， and since getting a job is usually based on making the right impression， it is always a good idea to be kind and polite.

　　本句翻译：我们要占优势干什么?一个人一生事业的成功经常是始于我们所喜欢的工作，而要得到自己所喜欢的工作，经常要靠给人留下良好的印象。待人和蔼可亲彬彬有礼总是上策。

　　edge： advantage 优势

　　start with： begin with 由…开始

　　since 由于…

　　be base of 以…为基础

　　make a impression 留下印象

　　makes the right impression (right 好的，正常的)

　　Vocabulary Exercises

　　Ⅰ。For each sentence， fill in the blank with the proper form or the words given at the beginning. Please pay attention to the part of speech of each word.

　　1. honest (诚实的) honesty(诚实) honestly(诚实地)

　　a. (Honesty) is the best policy.

　　本句翻译：诚实是最重要的原则。

　　b. I didn't tell anyone， (honestly)， I didn’t.

　　本句翻译：我没有告诉任何人，坦白的说，我真的没有。

　　c. To be (honest) with you， he often speaks evil of you behind your back.

　　本句翻译：实话对你说，他经常在你的背后说你的坏话。

　　2. understand (

　　a. I cannot (understand) why he shows no respect for the rules the majority follows.

　　本句翻译：我不明白为什么他对于大多数人所遵守的那个规则从来都不尊重。

　　b. We should do everything possible to clear up the many (misunderstandings) between us.

　　本句翻译：我们应当尽一切可能来清除我们之间的误解。

　　c. He is not happy because his wife always (misunderstands) him.

　　本句翻译：他过的并不开心因为他的夫人经常会误解他。

　　3. accept(

　　a. She received a gift from him， but she didn't (accept) it.

　　本句翻译：她收到男孩子给她的一份礼物，但是她没有接受这份礼物。

　　b. He is angry with her because her words are totally (unacceptable)。

　　本句翻译：男孩对于女孩非常愤怒，因为女孩所说的话令他完全不能接受。

　　c. If you think the plan is (acceptable)， you should do it according to the plan right now.

　　本句翻译：如果你认为这个计划是可行的，那么你就应当马上根据这个计划去实施。

　　right now 立刻，马上

　　4. different (不同的) difference(

　　a. I'm (indifferent) to whether you go or stay. To be honest with you， I don’t care.

　　本句翻译：我对于你去还是留根本就不关心。老实对你说吧，我不在乎。

　　care 在意，在乎

　　b. There are big (differences) between the two languages.

　　本句翻译：在这两种语言之间有很大的区别。

　　c. She is wearing a (different) dress every time I see her.

　　本句翻译：每次我见到她，她都穿着不同的服装。

　　every time 每一次

　　5. employ (

　　a. The factory is going to (employ) 20 more workers.

　　本句翻译：这家工厂准备再雇用20名工人。

　　b. He left his hometown to look for (employment) in a big city.

　　本句翻译：他离开家乡到大城市去寻求工作。

　　c. She has been working for the same (employer) for 20 years.

　　本句翻译：她已经为这个雇主工作了20年。

　　d. The total number of office (employees) almost doubled.

　　本句翻译：这家公司总的员工的数目几乎已经翻一倍。

　　Ⅱ。 Fill in the following blanks with the words listed below in their proper forms.

　　1. He told me he didn't like that (boring) job.

　　本句翻译：他告诉我说他不喜欢那份乏味的工作。

　　2. We'll need a few (guidelines) before we start this project.

　　本句翻译：在没开始这个项目之前我们需要有一些规则。

　　3. It is a great (kindness) for you to see me while I am sick.

　　本句翻译：我生病的时候你来看我，你真是太好了。

　　→ It is greatly kind of you to see me while I am sick.

　　for sb. to do 对于某人来说做某事

　　4. Don't (bother) you father， he is busy at working .

　　本句翻译：不要打扰你的父亲，他在忙于工作。

　　5. The old man told her how to get there although she wasn't very (polite) to him.

　　be polite to sb. 对某人彬彬有礼

　　本句翻译：虽然这个女孩对老人不是太有礼貌，但是老人仍然告诉她如何到达那里。

　　6. (Frankly) speaking， I don't think the plan will work.

　　本句翻译：坦率地说，我觉得那个计划行不通。

　　7. His speech left a deep (impression) on us.

　　Leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象

　　本句翻译：他的讲话给我们留下了很深的印象。

　　8. I (swear) that I will tell you everything some day.

　　本句翻译：我发誓有一天我会把一切事情都告诉你。

　　9. Everyone praises the children's good (behavior)。

　　本句翻译：每个人都表扬了孩子的良好行为。

　　10. It's (rude) to point at people when you are talking with them.

　　point at sb. 指着…

　　本句翻译：当你和其他人谈话的时候你去指着别人这是不礼貌的。

?2013年10月各省市自考成绩查询入口汇总

?2014年4月自考报名

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