2013年自考英语(二)课文译文:利用机器人技术提高工业效率

更新时间：2013-09-18 09:08:41 来源：|0

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　　利用机器人技术提高工业效率

　　Robots, becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world, are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.

　　机器人，发达国家工厂里越来越普及的一种设备，经过编程和工程设计就可以不需人工干预而完成各种工业作业。

　　Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. They also load and unload hot, heavy metal forms used in machines casting automobile and truck frames.

　　现在的机器人大多用在汽车工业中，它们按编好的程序接任了汽车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作。它们也装卸浇铸汽车和卡车框架的机器中所用的炽热、笨重的金属铸模。

　　Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning to be seen, although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. There they build electric motors, small appliances, pocket calculators, and even watches. The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from

　　being exposed to radiation. These are the robots responsible for the reduction in job-related injuries in this new industry.

　　在汽车工业上,机器人已经取代了人的工作。现在其他工业行业中也开始使用机器人。在这些行业中,机器人生产电机、小型电器、袖珍式计算器,甚至还造手表。运用在核电站的机器人处理放射性物质,使核电站工作人员免遭核辐射的伤害。这些机器人可以减少这一新型工业中与工作有关的伤害。

　　What makes a robot a robot and not just another kind of automatic machine? Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. As an example, a robot doing spot welding one month can be reprogrammed and switched to spray painting the next. Automatic machines, on the other hand, are not capable of many different uses; they are built to perform only one task.

　　是什么使得机器人是机器人而不是别的什么自动化机器呢?机器人与自动化机器的区别在于它们在完成一项特定任务后可由计算机重新编程去执行另一项任务。例如，一个做点焊的机器人做了一个月，可以被重新编程让它下个月去喷漆。相反，自动化机器无法进行多用途使用，它们造出来就只能做一种工作。

　　The next generation of robots will be able to see objects, will have a sense of touch, and will make critical decisions. Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. With the ability to "see", robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. One robot vision system uses electronic digital cameras containing many rows of light-sensitive materials. When light from an object such as a machine part strikes the camera, the sensitive materials measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a range of numbers. The numbers are part of a grayscale system in which brightness is measured in a range of values. One scale ranges from 0 to 15, and another from 0 to 255. The 0 is represented by black. The highest number is white. The numbers in between represent different shades of gray. The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers into a picture that shows an image of the object in question. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. Technicians believe they will, but only after years of development.

　　下一代机器人将会有视觉，有触觉，还会做分析性判断。精通微电子技术和计算机技术的工程技术人员正在为机器人开发人工视觉。机器人有了“视力”，就能从一堆不同的物体中识别和检查某一类的物品。机器人的视觉系统中使用了含有许多种光敏材料的电子数码相机。当一件物体如机械零件的光照射到相机上时，光敏材料就测量光的强度然后把光线转化成一系列的数码。这些数码是一个灰度系统的一部分，光的亮度在灰度系统里是以一定范围的数值来测量的。一级灰度值从0到15，而另一级灰度值则从0到225。0代表黑，最大值是白，在中间的数值代表不同的灰度。然后计算机进行计算，并将数字转换成一幅表明该物体形象的图像。现在，还不知道将来的机器人能否具有和人一样的视觉。技术人员相信会有那么一天，只是还要经过数年的开发研究。

　　Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers, giving robots a sense of touch. Other engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether. to discard defective parts in finished products. To do this, the robot will also have to be capable of identifying those defective parts.

　　在其他方面努力取得进展的工程人员正在设计和实验新型金属手臂和手指，使机器人具有触觉。还有一些技术人员在编写新的程序，使机器人能够作出判断，例如剔除成品中的坏零件。要想实现这一点，机器人还需要有识别坏零件的能力。

　　These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do. They can be used to explore for minerals on the ocean floor or in deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter. They will work as gas station attendants, firemen, housekeepers, and security personnel. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

　　未来的机器人将集触觉、视觉和判断能力于一身，其工作的范围更为广阔。人们可以利用它们到海底、到人不能进去的危险矿区探矿。它们可以充当加油站服务员、消防队员、看门人、保安员等等。想要了解未来工业的人应该对机器人有所了解。

?2013年7月各省市自考成绩查询入口汇总