2011年自考英语：重点单词扩充讲解
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1. organizational: a 组织上的 $lesson$
由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织; organization: n 组织;
organizer: n 组织者
请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：
1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.
2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.
3). China has joined World Trade __________.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.
Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer
2. objective: n 目标; a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的
3. predict: v 预言、预示;
由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言; predictable: a 可预测的;
predictor: n 预言家
4. simplify: v 简化
由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的; simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地;
simplification: n 简化; simplified: a 被简化的。
Exercises for the above words:
1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure.
2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our
capacity while ____ edition is quite easy.
3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______ a
question of procedure.
4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy
labor.
Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification
5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向;tend : v 倾向于…， tend to do sth
e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.
Or old people tend to get fatter.
6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的;转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营; management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者; manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。
7. argue: v 争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由
于某事而同某人争论; argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事; argue
sb out of doing sth说服某人不要做某事。
e.g. 1>. The young couple always argue with each other over their
child’s
education.
2>. I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.
8. define: v 给…下定义; definition: n 定义
9. profitability: n 赚钱， 获利
由此我们可以联想到：profit: n 利润; profitable: a 有利可图的, 有好
处的;
profitless: a 没有利润的。
1). He has made a _____ from running a small restaurant.
2). The deal was ______ to all of us.
3). They valued _______ differently, which led to disagreement as
to the correctness of decision.
Answer: profit, profitable; profitability.
10. correctness: n 正确性; 字根：correct: a 正确的; v 纠正， correction: n 纠正; incorrect: a 不正确的。
11. unintended: a 非计划中的，
由此我们可以联想到：intend: v 打算，计划;intention: n ; intended:
a 计划中的
课文难句讲解、分析
1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of
action that are available.(p1)
译：决策就是从几种可以选择的做法中作出选择。
分析：该句是主系表结构。made from among alternative courses of
action that are available是过去分词短语做定语修饰a choice; 其中that
are available是定语从句修饰courses of action.
像这样一环修饰一环的句子结构在英文中很普遍，因此为了看懂句子大家
须学会分析。这是整个英语学习过程中很重要的能力!
2. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals
or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of
accomplishing them. (p1)
译：做出决策的原因是因为存在问题，目标或目的有错误，或者有某种东
防碍着它们的实现。
分析：该句又是主系表结构。That引导三个并列的表语从句，①a problem
exists，②goals or objectives are wrong;③something is standing in
the way of accomplishing them。 短语：make a decision:做出决策
stand in the way: 阻挡、防碍
3. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be
and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since
uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. (p2)
译：通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳预测，从而使偶然性尽可能少
发生，但因为不确定性总是存在，所以决策常伴随着风险。
分析：前半句是主谓宾结构。what the future will be是at的宾语;as
little as possible做leave的宾语;since引导原因状语从句，相当
because.
4. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)
译：如果没有选择，就不会有决策。
分析：这是一句很简单的条件状语从句，但它有一个很重要的考点：to be
made。这是动词不定式做定语修饰decision，有将来意味。比如：The last
question to be discussed today is how to divide the work among
ourselves.
5. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)
译：对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律以及惯例等因素制约。
分析：这句话的考点是based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like。同样是过去分词短语做定语修饰constraints
其中词组：base…on以…为基础。 如：The film is based on s short story by Jack London.
6. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives. (p4)
译：但是这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的方法。
分析：该句主语the tendency to simplify，谓语blinds; them是宾语。to simplify是定语，修饰the tendency;to other alternatives是宾补。其中短语：blind sb to sth:使…看不见…;
we shouldn’t let our prejudices blind us to the facts.
7. Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. (p6 line 4--6)
译：因为个人(和组织)关于如何达到目的常有不同的观点，哪种是最优的选择可能要看是谁做出决策。
分析：这是一个由because引导的原因状语从句。其中how to attain the goals做介词about的宾语，who makes the decision做介词on的宾语。
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