2010年4月高等教育自学考试英语国家概况试题

　　I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question，four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(50 points，1 point for each)

　　1.___________of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history, in which William，

　　the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his followers.

　　A. The Roman Conquest B. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest

　　C. The Norman Conquest D. The Celt Conquest

　　2.As a result of the Black Death，___________.

　　A. all land was left untended B. no labor was required any longer

　　C. 1and owners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming

　　D. surviving peasants were not able to bargain about their wages

　　3.Which of the following statements about Elizabeth I(1 55 8-1 603)is true?

　　A. Elizabeth was 35 when she came to the throne.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

　　B. Elizabeth remained single.

　　C. Elizabeth was not able to work with Parliament.

　　D. Her reign was a time of diminishing English nationalism.

　　4. ___________ was not in the“Allies” in the First World War.

　　A. Britain B. France

　　C. Russia D. Turkey

　　5.The English Civil War is also called ___________ .

　　A. the Revolutionary War B. the Puritan Revolution

　　C. the Reformation D. the Renaissance

　　6.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The head of State is a king or a queen .In practice，___________.

　　A. Parliament rules the country

　　B. the Sovereign reigns but does not rule

　　C. the Sovereign rules but does not reign

　　D. the Prime Minister rules and reigns

　　7.In January,1973，Britain finally became a full member of the___________，which was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957.

　　A. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development

　　B. Organization of European Development

　　C. European Economic Community

　　D. European Union

　　8.The___________refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

　　A. Urbanization B. Economic Boom

　　C. Glorious Revolution D. Industrial Revolution

　　9.The major Christian festivals in Britain are___________ .

　　A. Christmas, Easter and Mother’s Day

　　B. Christmas, Easter and Whit Sunday

　　C. Christmas，Guy Fawkes Day and St. Patrick’s Day

　　D. Christmas，Whit Sunday and St. George’s Day

　　10.The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. At present there are ___________ countries within the Commonwealth (1991).

　　A. 30 B. 40

　　C. 50 D. 60

　　11.Among the three tribes of the Celts coming to Britain, the most industrious and vigorous of the Celtic tribes was the ___________ .

　　A. Gaels B. Brythons

　　C. Belgae D. Vikings

　　12.Political change in England came mainly through___________.

　　A. gradual reform B. revolution

　　C. people’s uprisings D. working class movement

　　13.The two parties that have held power in Britain since 1945 are ___________ .

　　A. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party

　　B. the Conservative Party and the Labor Party

　　C. the Labor Party and the Social Democratic Party

　　D. the Labor Party and the Democratic Party

　　14.___________’s reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts. in exploration and in battle.

　　A. Mary B. Henry VIII

　　C. E1izabeth I D. Charles II

　　15.After the Restoration，Parliament passed a series of severe laws called ____________against the Puritans，now known as Nonconformists.

　　A. Agreement of the People B. the Petition of the Right

　　C. the Clarendon Code D. the Act of Supremacy

　　16.Which statement about the“Wars of Roses”is NOT true?

　　A. The king’s power now became supreme.

　　B. Ordinary people were seriously affected.

　　C. The wars were waged intermittently for 30 years.

　　D. From these wars feudalism received its death blow.

　　1 7.The finest exponents of Elizabethan drama in the English Renaissance were ___________ .

　　A. Ben Johnson，Christopher Marlowe and Charles Dickens

　　B. Edmund Spenser, Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare

　　C. William Shakespeare, Ben Johnson and Charles Dickens

　　D. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson

　　18.The Chartist movement was the first nationwide ___________ movement.

　　A. working class B. lower middle class

　　C. upper middle class D. upper class

　　19.______________led the U.K. to final victory in the Second World War.

　　A. Winston Churchill B. Neville Chamberlain

　　C. Tony Blair D. William Gladstone

　　20.Which statement about the religion in Britain is true?

　　A. Every person in Britain may change his religion，but with difficulty.

　　B. Every person may not manifest his faith in teaching，worship and observance.

　　C. Every person has the right to religious freedom without interference from the community or the State.

　　D. Churches and religious societies of any kind cannot own property and propagate their beliefs in speeches and writing.

　　21.In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus，a(n)___________navigator, led his men to sail across the vast ocean and reached some small islands in the now West Indies.

　　A. French B. Spanish

　　C. Italian D. English

　　22.American troops defeated the British at___________ in Northern New York. This was a great turning point of the American War of Independence，leading directly to an alliance between the U.S. and France.

　　A. Saratoga B. Trenton

　　C. Lexington D. Yorktown

　　23.In 1787，delegates from the states held a meeting in Philadelphia to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. The meeting came to be called the ___________ .

　　A. First Continental Congress B. Second Continental Congress

　　C. Constitutional Convention D. Independent Convention

　　24.Which of the following is NOT among President Theodore Roosevelt’s contributions?

　　A. The implementation of the Sherman Anti-trust Act.

　　B. The initiation of large-scale irrigation projects.

　　C. The adoption of the Hepburn Act of 1906.

　　D. The passage of the Federal Reserve Act.

　　25.___________Was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U.S. in 1929.

　　A. Business bankruptcy B. Serious unemployment

　　C. The stock market crash D. Foreclosures

　　26.During the Second World War, American wartime objectives were the total destruction of___________ powers and the establishment of a world order.

　　A. Axis B. Asian

　　C. Allied D. European

　　27.In 1932，in the depth of the depression，the American people chose ___________ as their next president who promised to get the U.S. out of the depression.

　　A. Theodore Roosevelt B. Franklin D. Roosevelt

　　C. Woodrow Wilson D. Herbert C. Hoover

　　28.Education was made a function of the state under the ___________Amendment to the US Constitution.

　　A. Tenth B. Eleventh

　　C. Twelfth D. Thirteenth

　　29.McCarthyism was a full-scale ___________hysteria in the United States in the 1950s.

　　A. pro-Nazi B. anti-Fascist

　　C. pro-Communist D. anti-Communist

　　30.On June 5，1947，___________suggested that the US should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.

　　A. George Kennan B. George Marshall

　　C. Dwight Eisenhower D. James F. Byrnes

　　31.A decision to set up a world organization，the United Nations，was made at___________.

　　A. Yalta Conference B. Potsdam Conference

　　C. Teheran Conference D. Paris Conference

　　32.The safeguards against abuse of powers in the United States come in the form of___________.

　　A. separation of powers B. executive orders

　　C. presidential elections D. judicial reviews

　　33.___________Was meant to guarantee the blacks and others the right to vote.

　　A. Emancipation Proclamation in 1863

　　B. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865

　　C. The Civil Rights Act of 1964

　　D. The Voting Rights Act of 1965

　　34.Woman obtained voting right from the___________ Amendment to the Constitution.

　　A. 17th B. 18th

　　C. 19th D. 20th

　　35.Of the four kinds of high schools，___________ones only aim to prepare students for college.

　　A. comprehensive B. academic

　　C. vocational D. technical

　　36.There have been__________ periods in the development of American political parties in

　　the United States.

　　A. two B. three

　　C. four D. five

　　37.The 1920s in the United States has been described by many historians as a period of

　　___________.

　　A. material failure B. spiritual frustration

　　C. political setbacks D. welfare reform

　　38.___________is the largest single source of goods imported by the U.S.，accounting for nearly

　　30%of the total.

　　A. Canada B. Mexico

　　C. Japan D. European Union

　　39.Mark Twain’s masterwork was ___________ .

　　A. The Scarlet Letter B. Leaves of Grass

　　C. The Sketch Book D. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

　　40.In the early part of the 19th century，___________was the center of American writing.

　　A. Boston B. Philadelphia

　　C. Chicago D. New York City

　　41.Tourist trade is important in economy in ___________with rich green mountains and valleys.

　　A. British Columbia B. Atlantic provinces

　　C. the Canadian-Shield D. St. Lawrence-Great Lakes provinces

　　42.Which of the following about Canada in World War I is NOT true?

　　A. It founded its navy to enter World War I.

　　B. It took a seat as a member of the League of Nations.

　　C. It won the right to sign the Peace Treaty of 1919 in its own name.

　　D. It has found its place among the nations of the world since World War I.

　　43.Generally speaking，Canada can be divided into___________ geographical regions.

　　A. three B. four

　　C. five D. six

　　44.Which of the following statements about Australia is true?

　　A. It is the world’s fifth largest country and is surrounded by sea.

　　B. It is the smallest and the only continent that contains only one country.

　　C. It is a continent that contains only Australia and New Zealand.

　　D. It is the world’s smallest continent and the world’s fourth largest country.

　　45.The first Australian colony, established by Britain in 1788 and called the premier state，is ___________ .

　　A. Victoria B. Tasmania

　　C. Queensland D. New South Wales

　　46.The Australian political division borders are drawn___________.

　　A. along straight lines of latitude and longitude

　　B. along rivers and forests

　　C. along mountain ranges

　　D. along natural features

　　47.The only native mammals in New Zealand are___________.

　　A. rabbits B. bats

　　C. opossums D. goats

　　48.A chain of mountains runs almost the whole length of South Island in New Zealand. The highest peak is___________.

　　A. Mt Ruapehu B. Mt Cook

　　C. Mt Ngaurohoe D. Mt Tongariro

　　49.One of the four unusual demographic features of Ireland is___________.

　　A. an early marriage age

　　B. an excess of males in the population转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

　　C. a low proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages

　　D. a high birthrate compounded by a century of emigration

　　50.Migration in Ireland declined sharply___________.

　　A. during WWI

　　B. in recent years

　　C. in the early decades of the 20th century

　　D. after the establishment of the Irish Free State

　　II.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(30 points，3 points for each)

　　51.What is the Magna Carta also known as?

　　52.Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the U.K.?

　　53.What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?

　　54.When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?

　　55.What foreign policy did the American government pursue in the early 1930s?

　　56.What are Conglomerates in the USA?

　　57.Where is the name“Canada”believed to have come from?

　　58.Why does Great Britain have the greatest influence upon Australia?

　　59.What is Maoritanga?

　　60.What was the consequence of the the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?

　　III.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points，5 points for each)

　　61.the House of Commons

　　62.English feudal system

　　63.the U.S. two-party system

　　64.the New Deal

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