2008年自考英语(一)模拟试题一(2)

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

　　Each nation has its own peculiar character which distinguishes it from others. But the peoples of the world have more points in common than points in which they differ. One type of person that is common in every country is the one who always tries to do as little as possible and to get as much as possible in return. His opposite, the man who is in the habit of doing more than is strictly necessary and who is ready to accept what is offered in return, is rare everywhere.

　　Both these types are usually unconscious of their character. The man who avoids effort is always talking about his "rights": he appears to think that society owes him a pleasant, easy life. The man who is always doing more than his share talks of "duties": he feels that the individual is in debt to society, and not society to the individual. As a result of their views, neither of these men thinks that he behaves at all strangely.

　　The man who tries to do as little as he can is always full of excuses: if he has neglected to do something, it was because he had a headache, or the weather was too hot -or too cold- or because he was prevented by bad luck. At first, other people, such as his friends and his employer, generously accept his stories; but soon they realize what kind of person he is .In the long run he deceives only himself. When his friends become cool towards him and he fails to make progress in his job, he is surprised and hurt. He blames everyone and everything except himself. He feels that society is failing in its duties towards him, and that he is being unjustly treated.

　　26.The central idea of Paragraph 1 is that __________.

　　 [a]each nation is peculiar enough to enable us to distinguish it from others
　　 [b]the peoples of the world are as alike as they are different
　　 [c]the peoples of the world have more similarities than differences
　　 [d]those who do more than is strictly necessary are common in every country

　　27. According to Paragraph 1, the man who does more than is required __________.

　　 [a]is ready to accept what the society offers him
　　 [b]expects nothing in return for his work
　　 [c]feels that he is under heavy debt
　　 [d]thinks this makes his life easy

　　28.Those who try to do as little as possible __________.

　　 [a]envy others' good luck
　　 [b]are good story-tellers
　　 [c]supply false reasons for their lack of responsibility
　　 [d]think that their opposites owe them a pleasant life

　　29. The phrase "in the long run"(Paragraph 3)is closest in meaning to "___________".

　　 [a]in practice
　　 [b]in the end
　　 [c]in effect
　　 [d]in no time

　　30.It can be inferred from the passage that people who cheat _________.

　　 [a]will be unjustly treated
　　 [b]will cheat only themselves eventually
　　 [c]will change their behavior
　　 [d]will get surprised by their own stories
　　
　　Passage Three

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

　　The government may control prices when where is a problem such as rapidly increasing rents or a rise in the cost of living. When the government controls prices, there is no longer a normal relationship between the price of a product and the quantity consumers will buy. Government controls may help in an emergency (紧急情况)。However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time.

　　In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord (房主)can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics (批评者) say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent -controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.

　　Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about rent control, price control and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if "other things are equal.

　　Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, However, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.

　　31.Accirdubg to Paragraph 1, price control ____________.

　　 [a]does more harm than good
　　 [b]is good in every sense
　　 [c]is necessary but harmful in the long term
　　 [d]should be avoided

　　32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ________.

　　 [a]thanks to rent control, it would be easier for many to find apartments
　　 [b]landlords may take back their apartments if the rent is too low
　　 [c]the tighter the rent control is, the less new apartments will be built
　　 [d]landlords will not invest in other businesses after price control is approved by the government

　　33.Which of the following do all economists agree on ?

　　 [a]controls can have negative effects over a long period of time.
　　 [b]The government must take measures to control rent increase.
　　 [c]The maximum rent system protects people who don't have their own houses.
　　 [d]Economic questions are difficult to deal with.

　　34.The attitude of the author to price control is ________.

　　 [a]subjective
　　 [b]objective
　　 [c]indifferent
　　 [d]supportive

　　35. The purpose of this passage is to ________.

　　 [A]argue
　　 [b]persuade
　　 [c]analyze
　　 [d]describe

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