自考英语二复习资料之第七章(下)

Key words and phrases

1. elusive : a 躲避的，难以捉摸的；elude: v 躲避

2．tricky: a 狡猾的; trick; n 诡计、花招，play a trick on sb

3. oversupply: v 过多供应；overdo, oversleep, overeat, overestimate

4. flexible: a 灵活的，柔韧的；flexibility: n 灵活；inflexible: a 不灵活的，
flextime:弹性工作时间

5. appointment: n 任命、约会；appoint sb sth; make an appointment with sb;

6. adjust: v 调整；adjustment: n ; readjustment: n 重新调整

7. underestimate: v 过低估计；overestimate: v 过高估计；estimate; v 估计；estimation: n

8. look ahead to: 展望未来

Looking ahead to 21st century, what shall we do?

9. hang up: 把。。。挂起来；挂断电话；延迟

She hang up before I could explain to her.

A thick fog hang up all flights.

10.work out: 作出；制订出

I can’t work out the meaning of this poet because it’s too vague.

11. kid Sb into doing sth: 欺骗某人做某事
He kidded that boy into doing sth illegal for him.

12. stick with: 坚持、继续
I stick with my original idea.

Analyze the difficult sentences:

1. There is a message that is trying to reach you, and it is important that it get through loud and clear.(P1)

翻译：有一条信息要传达给你，重要的是，这条信息响亮而且清楚地传到你的耳际。

分析：该句是and连接的并列句，在后一分句中，that从句是真正的主语，it形式主语，loud and clear是主语的补足语。

2. You may suddenly find that there is no way to stretch the little time you have left to cover all your obligations. (P3)

翻译：你可能会突然发现，你所剩的不多的时间已无法延长以便完成所有应做的工作。

分析：该句中that引导的是宾语从句，you have left是定语从句，修饰the little time；
to cover all your obligations是目的状语。

3. It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study. (P6)

翻译：重要的不是你给学习分配了多少时间，而是你学习时真正学到了多少东西。

分析：事实上该句的主体结构是强调句（请参考本讲的语法）。原句是：How mush time you allocate for study does not count, but how much you learn when you do study counts.

4. The more time you waste, the easier it is to continue wasting time. (P7)

翻译：你浪费的时间越多，你就越容易继续浪费。

分析：这个句型大家一定很熟悉了：the + 比较级， the + 比较级。
The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged。对此追求得越认真，就越有可能鼓励人们对待休闲和学业持积极态度。

5. They refuse to accept the fact that college life demands some degree of time control. (P8)

翻译：他们不愿意承认大学生活需要某种程度的时间控制。

分析：注意该句中的that引导的是同位语从句，具体解释the fact. 词组：refuse to do sth;

6. The main purpose of the notebook is to help you prepare a weekly study schedule. (P11)

翻译：笔记本的主要目的是帮助你制定每周的学习进度表。

分析：这是一个主系表结构，其中表语是不定式，含有将来意味。 如：
My plan is to go fishing after class.
His dream is to become a doctor.
Our hope is to hold a successful Olympics.

7. Overestimate, if possible, so that emergencies that arise don’t hang you up. (P12)

翻译：如果可能的话，把时间估计得长一些，以免出现紧急情况，耽误了你的进程。

分析：so that以便。。。，表目的；that arise是定语从句，修饰emergencies。单词arise = appear出现。Hang sb up耽误、延迟

8. How much study time you schedule for each classroom hour depends on four factors:…. (P13)

翻译：每一堂课安排多少时间取决于四个因素。。。

分析：该句的主语是一个主语从句：How much study time you schedule for each classroom hour，谓语用单数形式。还请注意语序问题。

9. A good schedule must have a little give so that special projects can be taken care of properly. (P14)

翻译：一份好的日程表必须有一点弹性，使特别的项目得到适当的处理。

分析：请注意give的含义：弹性。

10. This is a sound principle to follow, so keep it in mind as you prepare your first schedule. (P15)

翻译：这是需要遵从的合理原则，因此当你准备第一份日程表时就要把它记在心里。

分析：sound意思是合理的；to follow是不定式定语，修饰principle；keep sth in mind牢记住。。。；as you …是时间状语从句。

11. This will only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects. (P16)

翻译：这不仅可以保持学习习惯，而且可以使你了解你的课程任务和项目的当前情况。

分析：keep …alive使。。。起作用；keep sb up to sth使某人了解。。。； not only…but also是并列连词，因此前后内容平衡。

12. Once you have it prepared, you must stick with it. (P17)

翻译：一旦你制定了计划，就必须坚持，切实地遵守。

分析：once引导的是时间状语从句，have sth done句型，使某事被做； stick with sth坚持。。。

last week I had my computer fixed.

Grammar: 强调句

强调句是一种修辞, 是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式, 下面简单归纳它的几种结构:

1. 用助动词"do（does／did）＋动词原形"来表示强调:

He does know the place well.

他的确很熟悉这个地方。

Do write to me when you get there.

你到那儿后务必给我来信。

2. 用形容词very, only, single, such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气:

That's the very textbook we used last term.

这正是我们上学期用过的教材。

You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.

你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。

Not a single person has been in the shop this morni ng.

今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。

How dare you buy such expensive jewels?

你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢?

3. 用in the world, on earth, at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）: 

Where in the world could he be?他到底会在哪儿?
What on earth is it?它究竟是什么?
Do you know at all?你到底知不知道?

4. 用强调句型: "It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分"来强调说话人的意愿: 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语, 宾语和状语。应注意以下几点。

(1) 一般情况用It is(was)……that…如:
He read three books in the library yesterday.
我们分别可以强调主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。如:
It was he who(that)read three books in the library yesterday. (强调主语)
It was three books that he read in the library yesterday. (强调宾语)
It was in the library that he read three books yesterday. (强调时间状语)

(2) 当被强调部分指人时, 可用that, 也可用who; 指物时, 只用what, 如:
It was Tom who(that)I met last week.
It is a new boke that his brother wants to buy.

(3) 强调状语时, 只用that, 不用when、where. 如:
It is at 5 o'clock that the train will arrive.

(4) 被强调的部分是主语时, 注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如:
It is he who is late. 　It is they that were late.

(5) 一般疑问句的强调句为"Is (was) it + that…?"; 特殊疑问句为: "特殊疑问词+ is (was) +that…?"结构。如:
Was it ten years ago that his father died?
他的父亲是十年前去世的吗?
When is it that you will set off?
你到底什么时候出发?

(6) "not…until…"句型的强调结构为"It is not until…that…"应注意把否定词not转移到until前面。如:
I didn't go home until rain stopped.
直到雨停了我才回家。
强调句为: It was not until rain stopped that I went home.
I didn't know the news until yesterday.
直到昨天我才知道那个消息。
强调句为: It was not until yesterday that I knew the news

例题：原句: My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

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