2005年4月自考英语(二)试卷及老师评析

本试卷分为两部分，满分100分；考试时间为150分钟。
第一部分为选择题，共50分。应考者必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂，不能答在试卷上。
第二部分为非选择题，共50分。应考者必须将答案写在“答题纸”的相应位置上，否则不计分。

PART ONE   （50   POINTS）
Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure(10  points, 1 point for each item)
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.Would’t  you  rather your  child ______  successful with his study and won the scholarship?
A.became             B.become          C. would become       D.becomes

2.Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement  ,he wonders_______will happen to his family life.
A.it                 B.that             C.what                D.this

3.We  hope  that all the measures against sandstorms ,________ was put forward by the  committee  ,will be considered  seriously at the meeting .
A.while              B.after           C.since                D.as

4.We  cannot leave this tough job to a person_________.
A.who nobody has confidence                B.in whom nobody has confidence 
C.for whom nobody has confidence           D.who everyone has confidence of 

5.You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it .
A.until                B.if only           C.in case         D.unless

6.Hey, leave_____!I hate people touching my hair.
A.behind            B.out                  C.off              D.over 

7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it.
A.come up         B.come up to             C.come over        D.come to 

8.Mr.Smith  ,can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your poinion on this issue.
A.say a word with                           B.have words  with 
C.mention  a word with                       D.have a word with

9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when meither side gives ________ to the over .
A.a way          B.way           C.the way           D.its way

10.This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages.
A.with          B.for             C.to               D.in

Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10  points, 1 point for each item)

下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology . Her ability to negotiate __11______ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets .Japan’s _____12____has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large ,so that _13______ to this market could be offered to multinational companies  as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides ,Japan’s work force was disciplined ,so it was capable __14___ applying the information it acquired.Finally ,American and European companies ,who were _15________licensers, felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world  market __16______ they were not limited by licensing agreement.

Conditions of this sort, ____17____ together in one nation ,may well be unique ,and the case of Japan may therefore not actually demonstrate that licensing is just as efficient as  multinational ownership for the _18_______ of technology.In fact ,Japan May be finding this method of operation __19______effective than in the past ,as 
Her needs for outside technology now require information which _20_______ only a few companies and is more closely held.

11. A.was strengthened              B.will be strengthened
　　C.will have been  strengthened      D.has been strengthende

12.A.position              B.location        C.place           D.point

13.A.entry                 B.access          C.presence        D.acceptance

14.A.at                    B.in              C.for             D.of  

15.A.potential             B.feasible        C.liable          D.inevitable

16.A.until                 B.before          C.if              D.after  

17.A.came                  B.come            C.will come       D.coming

18.A.transformation        B.transfer        C.transmission    D.shift

19.A.much                  B.little          C.less            D.more  

20.A.sticks to             B.belongs to      C.draws on        D.takes on
 
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension  (30  points, 2 point for each item)

从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage .

　　One day ,the principal came into our room and ,after talking to the teacher ,for some reason said ：“I wish all of the white scholars to stand for a moment .”I rose  with the others . The teacher looked at me and ,calling my name ,said：“You sit down for the present ,and rise with the others .”I  did not quite understand her .She repeated ：“You sit down now, and rise with the others .”I sat down puzzled and dumb. I saw and heard nothing .When the other were  asked to rise ,I did not know it .When school was dismissed ,I went out unconsciously .A few of the white boys laughed at me ,saying：“Oh, you’re  a nigger ,too.”

     I hurried on as fast as I  could to where my looking ?glass hung on the wall in my own little room. For an instant I was afraid to look ,but when I did ,I looked long and earnestly. I was accustomed to hearing remarks about my beauty; but now ,for the first time ,I  became conscious  of it and recognized it .I noticed the ivory(象牙) whiteness of my skin ,the beauty  of my mouth ,the size and liquid darkness of my eyes .I ran  downstairs and rushed to where my mother was sitting .I buried  my head in  her lap and cried out：“Mother ,tell me ,am I  a nigger ?”I could not see her face ,but  I  felt her hands on my head .I looked up into her face . There were tears in her eyes and I could see that she was  suffering for me . And then it was that  I looked at her  critically for the first time. I had thought of her in a  childish way only as the most  beautiful woman in the world; now I looked at her searching for defects .I  could see that her skin was almost brown ,and that she did differ in some way from the other ladies who came to the house; yet ,even so I could see that she was more beautiful than any of them. She must have felt that I was examining her ,for she hid her face in my hair and said with difficulty：“No ,my darling ,you are not a nigger .”She went on ：“If anyone calls you a nigger ,don’t notice them .”But the more she talked ,the less was I  reassured ,and I  stopped  her by asking ：“Well ,mother ,am I white ? Are you white?” She answered tremblingly：“No ,I am not white ,but your father is one of the greatest men in the country .The best blood of the South is in you .”This suddenly opened up in my heart a fresh fear ,and I  almost fiercely demanded：“Who is my father ? Where is he ?”She stroked my hair and said ：“I’ll tell you about him some day.”I sobbed：“I  want to know now .”She answered：“No ,not now.”

21.We can infer from the passage that “a nigger ”means________.
A.a white person                      B.a black person
C.anyone  that is not white           D.anyone that is not black

22.When the teacher asked him to sit down and rise with the others ,the author was confused because_________.
A. he never considered himself a non-white person
B. he thought the teacher didn’t recognize him 
C. he thought he should be considered
D. he thought it rude for the teacher to call his name

23.It was on that day that he began to realize that _________.
A. he was a nigger 
B. he was different from others because of his beauty 
C. his color was like that of his mother 
D. he differed from other white people even with his beauty

24.From the passage we can learn that _________.
A. the boy’s father left them for some reasons
B. the boy’s  mother didn’t want to mention his father at all
C. the boy never met his father before
D. the boy’s mother hated his father

25.This passage generally tells us a story of ________.
A.a boy who suddenly realized that he was a colored person 
B.a boy who had  been looked down upon because he had no father
C.the miserable life of colored people 
D.the life of a one-parent family

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

   For Americans, time is a “resource” that, like water or coal, can be used well or poorly. “Time is money,” they say. “You only get so much time in this life; you’d best use it wisely.” The future will not be better than the past or the present unless people use their time fro constructive, future-oriented activities. Thus, Americans admire a “well-organized” person, one who has a written list of things to do and a schedule for doing them. The ideal person is punctual and treasures other people’s time.

   The American attitude towards time is not necessarily shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They are more likely to consider time as something that is simply there around them, not something they can “use”. One of the more difficult things many foreign businessmen and students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.

In their efforts to use their time. Wisely, Americans are sometimes seen by foreign visitors as automatons, unhuman creatures who are so tied to their clocks and their schedules that they cannot participate in or enjoy the human interactions that are the truly important things in life. “They are like little machines running around,” one foreign visitor said.

The emphasis Americans place on efficiency is closely related to their concepts of the future, change and time. To do something efficiently is to do it in the way that is quickest and requires the smallest investment of resources. American businesses sometimes hire “efficiency experts” to review their operations and suggest ways in which they could accomplish more than they are currently accomplishing with the resources they are investing. Popular periodicals carry suggestions for more efficient ways to clean house, raise children, tend the yard, and so on.

In this context the “fast-food industry” can be seen as a clear example of an American cultural product. McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, and other fast-food establishments prosper in a country where many people want to minimize the amount of time they spend preparing and eating meals. The millions of Americans who take their meals at fast-food restaurants cannot have much interest in lingering over their food while conversing with friends, as millions of Europeans do. As McDonald’s restaurants have spread around the world, they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness. The typical American food, some observers argue, is fast food.

26. If a person treasures other people’s time, he＿＿＿＿.
A. does not waste people’s time with conversation or activity that has no beneficial outcome
B. does not believe the future will be any better than the present or the past
C. likes to deep a written schedule of the daily activities with him
D. likes to have his meals at the fast-food restaurants to save time

27. In the eyes of the foreign visitors in the States, American people＿＿＿＿.
A. think that time is always there which needs budgeting
B. enjoy saving and using time wisely everyday
C. are indifferent in that they are like feelingless machines
D. are so fully engaged that they are unable to enjoy the important things in life

28. What is the job of an efficiency expert?
A. Writing articles for periodicals.
B. Recommending ways of efficient investment
C. Examining the quality of a company’s products
D. Teaching people how to take care of their yard

29. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Many Americans love having meals at fast-food restaurants
B. Americans are busier than other people in the world
C. The American fast-food industry helps spread the American culture around the world
D. The United States is the father of the world’s fast-food industry

30. The best title for this passage is ＿＿＿＿.
A. The American Concept of Time
B. The Development of the American Fast Food Industry
C. How to Raise Efficiency
D. The American Food and Culture

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

It is difficult to estimate the number of youngsters involved in home schooling, where children are not sent to school and receive their formal education from one or both parents. Legislation and court decisions have make it legally possible in most states for parents to educate their children at home, and each year more people take advantage of that opportunity.
Supporters of home education claim that it is less expensive and far more efficient than mass public education. Moreover they quote several merits: relief of school overcrowding, added curricular and pedagogical (课程和教学法) alternatives, strengthened family relationships, lower dropout rates, increased motivation, higher standardized test scores, and reduced discipline problems. Supporters of home schooling also believe that it provides the parents with the opportunity to reinforce their moral values through education.

Critics of home schooling movement claim that it creates as many problems as it solves. They acknowledge that, in a few cases, home schooling offers educational opportunities superior to those found in most public schools, but few parents can provide such educational advantages. Some parents who withdraw their children form the schools in favor of home schooling have an inadequate educational background and insufficient formal training to provide a satisfactory education for their children. Typically, parents have fewer, not more technological resources available than do schools. However, the relatively inexpensive computer technology that is readily available today is causing some to challenge the notion that home schooling is in any way not so good as more highly structured classroom education.

Finally, a sociological (社会学) concern is the restricted social interaction experienced by children who are educated at home. Technology will never replace the pupil-teacher relationship. Also, while relationships with parents and brothers and sisters may be improved, children taught at home may develop a distorted (歪曲的) view of society.

31. The main idea of the passage is that＿＿＿＿.
A. more and more parents are in favor of home schooling
B. home schooling is superior to school education because it has been legally approved
C. though home schooling has its advantages, it creates as many new problems at the same time
D. school education is no doubt better than home education

32. Those who support home schooling think that ＿＿＿＿.
A. it’s less expensive and more efficient apart from other merits
B. it has added curricular and pedagogical alternatives
C. it will cause fewer discipline problems
D. it’s more important to reinforce moral values

33. Critics believe that ＿＿＿＿.
A. few parents can afford computers and technology when providing home education
B. few parents are qualified enough to provide a satisfactory home education 
C. school teachers are better than parents
D. classroom environment can provide most satisfactory education

34. According to the author, home schooling cannot help children         .
A. acquire social knowledge
B. build up a relationship with family members
C. build up pupil-teacher relationship
D. develop a right view of society

35. The attitude of the author toward home schooling is         .
A. vague
B. positive
C. totally negative
D. straight-forward

2005年上半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷

PART  TWO   （50POINTS）

IV. Word  Spellng (10 points, 1 point for two items)
将下列汉语单词译成英语。每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。
36.破坏，使…遇难  vt  w______         37.自愿的，自发的  a.  v_______
38.紧要的，紧迫的  a..  u______        39. 容忍，忍受     vt.  t_______
40.症状，征兆      n.   s______        41. 最近，不久前   ad.  l_______
42.放大，夸大     vt.  m______         43. 概念，想法      n.  n_______
44.服从，听从     vt.  o_______        45. 苦干的，费力的  a.  p_______
46.达到；造诣     n.   a_______        47. 使平衡；权衡    vt.  b________
48.战役，运动     n.   c_______        49. 装修，装饰      vt.  d________
50.基本的，初级的  a.  e_______        51.  忠诚的，忠实的  a.  f________
52.姿势，手势      n  g_______         53.  高度地，非常    ad.  h________
54.模仿的，仿制的  a.  I________       55. 正义，公正      n.   j_________

V. WORD FORM(10 points,1 point for each item)
   将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
56. Once harm  ______(do) to  the  environment, it takes years  to  have  the  system recovred.
57. With  the  strike_______(settle), the  work  on  the  new  assembly  line  went  ahead  like  wildfire.
58. The  child  was  playing_________(danger) near  the  edge  of  the   swimming  pool.
59. This  project  ________(accomplish) by the  end  of  2006  will  greatly improve  the basic  facility   of  the   city.
60.  People  appreciae_________(talk)  with  him  because  he  is  knowledgeable   and   humorous.
61.  Since  the   author  did  not  stick  to  the  topic , I  found  his  article  very  ______(confuse) and  hard   to   follow.
62. With  all  this  done , I ______(free) from  all  troubles  and   responsibilities.
63. Had  he  been  treated  well , he ________(get  over)  this  disease.
64. Investigations  into  the  cause  of  the   shipwreck   show  that   the  ship _______(sink)  the  moment   it  hit  the  rock .
65. If  only  the   board ________(approve) the  proposal  and  put  it  into  effect.
vi．Translation  from  Chinese  into  English (15  points ,3  points  for   each  item)
    将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
66. 时间是世界上最容易浪费也是最难以把握的东西。
67．虽然管理者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策还是要求他们考虑到未来可能发生的事情。
68．爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。
69．这次考试不及格人数多得惊人。
70．二十世纪六十年代美国民间音乐除表现爱情与希望外，还表现反战情绪。

vii. Translation from  English  into  Chinese (15  points)
    将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
    Planning  is   a   very   important  activity  in  our  lives.  It  can  give  pleasure  and  even  excitement,  but  cause  quite   severe  headaches .  The  more  significant  the  task  ahead ,  the  more  careful  the  planning   required.  Getting  to  school  or  to  work   on  time  is  a  task  requiring  little  or  no  planning . It  is  almost  a  routine.  A   month’s   touring   holiday  abroad,  or  better  still , getting  married,  is  a  different   matter  altogether.  If  the  holiday  involves   a   church   wedding,  with   50  guests,  a   reception,  a  honeymoon  in  Italy,  and   returning  to  a  new   home,   this  requires   even   more  planning  to  make   sure   that   is  successful .  planning  is  our  way   of   trying  to   ensure  success  and  of   avoiding  costly   failures  we   cannot   afford.  It   is   equally   essential   to   mankind   as   a   whole,  to  nations,  to  families  and   to  each  individual ; the   scale   may   vary,  but  the  degree   of   importance   does  n

2005年上半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试题答案及评分参考

Ⅰvocabulary and structure(本大题共10题，每小题1分，共10分)
1.A   2.C   3.D  4.B  5.B
6.C   7.A   8.D  9.B  10.C

Ⅱcloze test(本大题共10题，每小题1分，共10分)
11.D   12.A  13.B   14.D  15.A  
16.C   17.D  18.B   19.C  20.B

Ⅲreading comprehension(本大题共15题，每小题2分，共30分)
21.B   22.A   23.D   24.C   25.A 
26.A   27.D   28.B   29.C   30.A  
31.C   32.A   33.B   34.D   35.D

Ⅳword spelling(本大题共20题，每小题0.5分，共10分)
36.wreck  37.voluntary  38.urgent 39.tolerate   40.symptom   41.lately 42.magnify  43.notion  44.obey  45.painstaking  46.attainment  47.balance  48.campaign  49.decorate  50.elementary  51.faithful  52.gesture   53.highly   54.imitative   55.justice
[评分参考]多写、少写或错写一个字母均为错

Ⅴword form(本大题共10题，每小题1分，共10分)
56.is done  57.settled  58.dangerously  59.to be accomplished  60.talking   61.confusing    62.have been freed   63.would have got over   64.sank   65.would approve
[评分参考]语法错误或拼写错误均不给分

VI. Translation front Chinese into English (本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分)
66. Time is the easiest thing in the world to waste and the most difficult thing to control.
67. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider/take into account possible future events.
68. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so there is no absolute time and space/so time and space are not absolute.
69. The number of failures in the examination is surprisingly large.
70. The American folk music in the 1960’s expressed anti-war sentiments as well as love and hope.

[评分参考]
本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。评分原则为：
（1） 主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误）或影响基本句意的重要用词错误扣1分。
（2） 非基本语法错误（如介词、代词、冠词、大写、标点等错误）以及不影响基本句意的用词错误每两处扣1分。
（3） 拼写错误每两处扣1分。拼写错误本大题总扣分不超过3分。
（4） 如所用句型与答案不一致机，只要语言和意义正确，均应给分

VII．Translation from English into Chinese. (本大题共15分)
计划是我们生活中一项非常重要的活动。它能使人愉快，甚至令人兴奋，但也会让人十分头疼。工作越重要，所需的计划就要越仔细。按时上班或上学是几乎根本不需要计划的工作，它只不过是日常事务。而长达一个月的国外旅游度假，或更甚之，结婚娶亲，就完全是两码事了。如果假期中还要举行婚礼，接待50位来宾，举办招待会，去意大利度蜜月，再回到新家，那就更需要计划周全，以确保成功。计划使我们能够保证成功，避免那些代价昂贵，而我们又难以承受的失败。对于整个人类、民族、家庭乃至个人来说，计划同样又是必不可少的。其规模可大可小，但重要性都一样。

[评分参考]

本大题共15分。评分原则为：
短文英译汉的评分标准按译文质量分为15－13分、12－10分、9-7分、6-4分和3-1分共五个档次。各档次标准如下：
（1）15-13分。全文翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺。
（2）12-10分。全文主要内容翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达尚通顺，有一些语句翻译错误。
（3）9-7分。全文不少于一半的内容基本正确，汉语表达尚通顺，有一些语句翻译错误。
（4）6-4分。少部分内容翻译基本正确，有较多的语句翻译错误。
（5）3-1分。仅译对个别句子。
（6）全文译错或充出零星单词或全文未译，不给分。
（7）缺译的语句按完全译错处理。
根据以上评分档次描述，评分可在相应的档次内上下浮动。

北京航空航天大学  胥国红

从2004年上半年开始，笔者已经连续三次撰稿分析自考英语（二）的出题和考试情况。和前两套试卷相比，本次考试难度明显提高，阅读文章长度剧增，某些小题和答案也存在值得商榷的地方，最终表现在考生的成绩急剧下降，预计通过率将创历史新低。笔者希望本文能引起有关部门的关注，采取有力措施规范英语（二）的出题，保持试卷的连贯性，给广大考生已明确的指导。

（一） 主观题得分情况
为了让大家直观地了解本次考试的答题情况，笔者把最近三次考试的主观题得分情况在下表列出。如果说前两次的浮动属于正常的话，那么本次考试各大题得分的下降幅度，已经超出了正常的范围，令人担忧。

表一：
第四大题 第五大题 第六大题 第七大题 总分
2004上半年 2.48 2.17 5.59 10 20.24
2004下半年 2.94 3.04 6.65 8.56 21.19
2005上半年 1.59 1.30 5.67 7.75 16.31

那么试卷难度的增加体现在哪些方面呢？我们通过具体的试卷分析可见一斑。

（二） 具体试卷分析

第一大题

参考答案及考点分析：
1、 A would rather 后接从句，用过去时表示虚拟语气。另外从后面的并列谓语动词won也可看出，应该用过去时。
2、 C what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。
3、 D as 引导非限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。其他连词只能引导状语从句，不能在句中担任任何成分。
4、 B 本题考查定语从句。根据have confidence in sb.的固定用法可判断B是答案。
5、 B 本题应填入一个连词或连接词组，引导一个条件状语从句。if only 作固定词组用时，常表示愿望或未实现的条件，尤用于感叹句中(如在第65题中的用法)。在此处的用法至少是不典型的。而且在同一套卷子中两处考察同一词组的不同用法，具有很大的迷惑性。
6、 C 本题考查动词词组。这四个词组分别意为“丢弃，留下”、“遗漏，省略”、“停止”和“延后”，在本句话中应选“停止”的意思。其中leave over为超纲词。
7、 A 考点同上。四个词组分别表示“出现”、“达到，符合”、“从远处来，改变立场和观点”和“苏醒，共计”的意思。其中come over 为超纲词。
8、 D 本句的意思是“史密斯先生，我能和你说一句话吗？”只有have a word with 是正确搭配。但本词组也属超纲词组。
9、 B give way to 意为“让步，让路”。
10、 C adjust to 为固定搭配，意思是“调整以适应”。

评析：本大题前五小题考查语法，包括虚拟语气、主语从句、定语从句和状语从句。后五小题考查词汇，全部为动词词组。所有的句子均与课文没有直接关系。其中第5小题的出题值得商榷。

第二大题
这段文章讲述的是日本一百年来为了获得国外技术而采取的一种做法：licensing(授权)。因为日本需要的大部分技术不属于商业机密，而且国内市场对跨国公司很有吸引力，所以很容易获得英美等国公司的授权。但是，近年来这种做法不像以前那样有效，因为现在日本需要的国外技术主要属于少数公司的机密。

参考答案及考点分析：
11. D 本题考查谓语动词的时态。参照第一句话的时态，本句也应该用现在完成时。
12. A 本句的大意是“日本的地位也得到加强”，故选position。
13. B 本题考查词汇的搭配。只有access可以和to搭配，表示“接近的机会”。
14. D 本题考查固定词组be capable of doing sth。 
15. A 四个单词的意思分别是：“潜在的”、“可行的”、“有…倾向的，可能的”和“不可避免的”。在本句中，美英等国应是“潜在的授权者”。
16. C 本句的意思是“美国和英国的公司，作为潜在的授权者，觉得日本公司如果不受到授权协议的约束，会占据世界市场的一大部分份额”，所以此处填if表示假设。
17. D 本句的谓语部分为may well be unique，所以待填动词应为非谓语动词形式coming。
18. B transfer of technology意思是“技术的转移”。
19. C 日本可能发现这种做法不像以前那么有效，故选less。
20. B 日本现在需要的是属于少数几个公司的机密性的信息，故选belongs to。

评析：本大题难度非常大。首先句子很长，平均每句话有28个单词，句子结构非常复杂；另外在题材上过于专业化，大部分考生对此题材不熟悉，不了解licensing和licenser的含义，感到无从下手。

第三大题
参考答案：
21、B 22、A 23、D 24、C 25、A 26、A 27、D 28、B 29、C 30、A
31、C 32、A 33、B 34、D 35、D

评析：
第一篇文章写的是一个小孩突然意识到自己是有色人种的故事。文章可能是一个文学作品的节选，体裁上属于记叙文，难度不大，但是包括了5个超纲词：nigger, accustomed, childish, reassured, sobbed。
第二篇文章介绍的是美国的时间观念。全文423个词，为历年考题中最长的一篇文章。包括4个超纲词：automatons, periodicals, prosper, lingering。
第三篇文章介绍不送子女上学，在家里教育子女的好处和存在的问题。最后一道题的答案straight-forward是超纲词，对考生做出正确的选择影响很大。

第四大题
参考答案及出处：
36、wreck(上册)   37、voluntary (13A)   38、urgent (上册)
39、tolerant (上册)   40、symptom (12A)   41、lately (上册)
42、magnify(上册)   43、notion (1B)    44、obey(中学)
45、painstaking（5B）  46、attainment (7A)   47、balance (上册)
48、campaign(4A)    49、decorate（上册）   50、elementary（上册）
51、faithful(7A)    52、gesture (上册)   53、highly (上册)
54、imitative（上册）   55、justice（上册）

评析：
本大题难度适中，但是下册课文单词占的比例偏小。

第五大题
参考答案及考点分析：
56、is done  前半句的意思是“一旦对环境造成了危害”，“危害”是主语，所以谓语动词应该用被动，表示“被作”。
57. settled  本题考察with + 名词+ 分词的结构，由于“罢工”是“被解决”，所以选用过去分词形式。
58. dangerously 本题考察词形变化，用副词形式在句中作状语。
59. to be accomplished 动词不定式的被动式作定语，表示“将要被完成的”。
60. talking  appreciate后接动名词作宾语。
61. confusing 本题考察词形变化，用形容词形式在句中作宾补，意为“令人迷惑的”。
62. have been freed free from可以是动词词组，意思是“免除，使摆脱”，在句中用被动语态，表示“所有这一切做完后，我已经被免去了所有的麻烦和责任。”
由于没有上下文，笔者认为本句也可以用将来时will/shall be freed，表示“所有这一切做完后，我将被免去所有的麻烦和责任。”另外，free from 也可做形容词词组，will/shall be free 也说得通。
63. would have got over 本题考察与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
64. sank   待填动词在that 从句中作谓语，用过去时。
65. would approve 本题考察if only引导的虚拟语气从句，本人通过查阅语法书籍和询问外教，证实approved, had approved 应该都是答案，而且比would approve更合适。

评析：
1) 所有的句子均出自书外，和去年下半年的出题思路完全不一致。
2) 第58和61题考察了词形变化，这一题型从03年来已不再采用。这说明本套题和前几套题缺乏连贯性。
3) 由于出题不严谨，第62和65题都可以有两种以上的答案，但是出题者只给出了唯一的答案，其他的都不算对。

上述变化使得本大题的答题情况十分不理想。答题中的错误具体表现在：

错误分析：
1）对句子成分划分不清。回答此类大题的第一步就是要判断待填动词在句子中是作谓语动词还是其他成分，然后才能决定是用动词的谓语形式还是非谓语形式。很多同学没有做出正确的判断，在该用谓语动词的第56、62、63、64、65题中用了各种非谓语动词形式，而在该用非谓语动词的句子中又用了谓语形式。
2） 对动词的不规则变化掌握不牢，出现了getted, sinked等错误形式。
3） 对考察词形变化的题准备不足，仍然按照动词来变化，如：dangered, to danger, to confuse，等，说明在学习单词时没有很好地掌握一个词的词性。

第六大题
参考答案及出处：
66、Time is the easiest thing in the world to waste and the most important thing to control. （7B）
67、Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider/take into account possible future events. （1A）
68. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so there is no absolute time and space/so time and space are not absolute. (2A)
69. The number of failures in the examination is surprisingly large. (P81, 第24题)
70. The American folk music in the 1960’s expressed anti-war sentiments as well as lover and hope. (5A)

评析：
1） 本大题均出自下册书上，其中三小题出自A课文，一题出自B课文，另一题出自补充语法的练习题中。和往年选题范围相比，出题范围更广。
2） 出自A课文的三道题都很长，从而加大了答题的难度。

错误分析：

1） 词汇量太小。不少同学不会写predict, claim, interchangeable, absolute, anti-war sentiment等词。至于Einstein则几乎没有人能拼写正确。
2） 句型错误。以第66题为例，不少学生用了the easier...the more的句型。这表明对句型的掌握不够准确。还有的同学根本没有一个句型的概念，尤其是在第69题，想到哪写到哪，根本不成句子。如：The not passing exam students are surprise. / Many people fail in the exam surprising. 等等。 
3） 按照中文意思来背单词，没有掌握英文的含义。在第68题中，很多同学用haven’t来表示 “没有”。

第七大题

参考答案：

计划是我们生活中一向非常重要的活动。它能使人愉快，甚至令人兴奋，但也会让人十分头疼。工作越重要，所需的计划就要越仔细。按时上班或上学是几乎或根本不需要计划的工作，它只不过是日常事务。而长达一个月的国外旅游度假，或更甚之，结婚娶亲，就完全是两码事了。如果假期中还要举行教堂婚礼，接待50位来宾，举办招待会，去意大利度蜜月，再回到新家，那就更需要计划周全，以确保成功。计划使我们能够保证成功，避免那些代价昂贵，而我们又难以承受的失败。对于整个人类、民族、家庭乃至个人来说，计划同样是必不可少的。其规模可大可小，但重要性都一样。

评析：
本大题难度适中，但很多同学因做前面的题耗时太多，没有时间来完成，不少人得零分。Severe和 costly为超纲词。

（三） 总结和建议
综上所述，本套题存在以下问题：
1）在去年下半年的那套题中，第一、第四、第五和第六大题中共42.5分的题均直接出自教材，很好地体现了考试大纲的要求，为广大考生学习教材、准备考试指出了明确的方向。而这次考试，与教材直接相关的题只占18.5分。众所周知，考试是考生学习的指挥棒，一个全国性的考试如此反复无常，不能不令人担忧。
2）从试卷本身来看，本套试卷的难度剧增，文章超长，超纲词比比皆是，个别答案欠严谨，使得本来就非常低的通过率更是创历史新低，对此次参加考试的考生极不公平。笔者强烈呼吁出题者和有关部门本着对广大考生负责的态度，认真学习考试大纲，仔细研究历年考题，务必在今后的考试中杜绝这种难度起伏不定的情况。

对于广大考生，笔者的建议如下：
1）重视教材。自考英语和其他水平考试最大的不同就在于它有一套全国统一的教材，而且每次的考试都和教材有或多或少的联系。因此，读懂读透课文，认真阅读课后的词汇学习和注解，完成课后练习，对于掌握基本的大纲词汇和语法，提高阅读能力都有好处。不少同学幻想抛开课文，光通过做题来提高成绩，不见得会有好的效果。
2）全面掌握大纲词汇。不少同学对大纲词汇背得不熟，往往只知道汉语大意，而不了解其词性、用法和搭配，也不能与其他同义词、近义词进行区分。其根本原因在于很多人只通过词汇手册背单词，而不是通过学习课文或广泛阅读来提高词汇量。
3）打下扎实的语法功底。广大考生的另一个误区是以为英语（二）只考下册课文的内容，从而忽视了上册教材的学习。其实《自学教程》上下册是一个统一的整体，上册包含了大部分的基本语法知识，是学习下册的基础。没有这些基本的语法知识，考生在解答阅读理解、动词填空及英汉互译等大题时会受到很大的制约。许多考生反映学习课文后进步不大，其根本原因也许就在于此。
“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来”。通过多年来的接触，笔者深知广大自考考生的不易，也非常敬佩大家的学习精神。希望广大考生发扬百折不挠的精神，再接再厉，相信成功的那一天一定会到来。